Global Microbiome Market

The brain tumor drugs market consists of sales of drugs which are used to cure a mass growth of abnormal cells in the human brain. These drugs are either used alone or in combinations, depending on the type, size and locations of the tumor. The main types of drugs in brain tumor drugs are temozolomide, carmustine, cisplatin, bevacizumab, geftinib and erlotinib. Temozolomide is a drug that is intended to treat some types of brain cancer (e.g., glioblastoma multiforme, anaplastic astrocytoma) in individuals who have had tumours return or who have recently been diagnosed with tumours. It’s one of a class of drugs called as antineoplastics (cancer medicines). The different types include medulloblastoma, astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, primitive neuroectodermal (PNET), others (glioma, acoustic neuroma, meningioma) and is used in various sectors such as hospital pharmacies, clinics and others. The global brain tumor drugs market size is expected to grow from $3.17 billion in 2021 to $3.49 billion in 2022 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 10.2%. The growth in the market is mainly due to the companies rearranging their operations and recovering from the COVID-19 impact, which had earlier led to restrictive containment measures involving social distancing, remote working, and the closure of commercial activities that resulted in operational challenges. The global brain tumor drug market is expected to reach $4.84 billion in 2026 at a CAGR of 8.5%. The major driving factor responsible for the growth of the brain tumor market is the increasing prevalence of neurological disorders worldwide. Neurological Disorders are identified as one of the most prevalent disorders, due to longer life expectancy, increasing exposure to infections and sedentary lifestyle. For example, as per the National Brain Tumor Society, around 700,000 people in the United States around 700,00 people are having primary brain tumor in 2019 and around 86,000more will be diagnosed. The increasing number of patients with neurological disorders including brain tumors is leading to a rise in the demand for the drugs used in their treatment. Increasing use of targeted therapies is acting as a restraint on the brain tumor drugs market. Targeted cancer therapies are drugs or substances which block the growth of cancer by interfering with molecules that are more specifically involved in cancer cell progression than in normal cell activity. The goal of targeted cancer therapies is to eliminate cancerous cells in the body while leaving normal cells unharmed. By focusing on changes in the cell that are specific to cancer, this therapy may prove to be more effective than traditional chemotherapy and radiotherapy. For example, Everolimus is a targeted therapy that specially blocks the cancer cells from growing and spreading. Similarly, Bevacizumab prevents regeneration of cancer cells unlike chemical drugs which cannot prevent regeneration. This rising popularity of targeted therapies is expected to affect the sales of conventional chemical brain tumor drugs, thus restraining the growth of the market during the forecast period. Companies in the brain tumor market are focusing on the use of nanotechnology for treatment. The nanoparticles are being used to carry drugs in combination, directly to the cancer cells or into the tumor. This technology has also led to a reduction in dosage of the drugs, improved shelf life and reduce toxicity. A few nanodrugs are proving to be useful in overcoming the blood-brain barrier, which was a significant challenge in the treatment of brain tumors. For instance, Liposomes nanoparticles facilitate easy delivery of drugs to the core cancer cells, these particles if coated with transferrin can even pass through the blood-brain barrier. Companies including GE Healthcare, Sigma-Tau Pharmaceuticals Inc., Johnson & Johnson, Merck & Company Inc., Pfizer, Inc., Celgene Corporation are adopting this technology to improve the available techniques of medication and treatment. The brain tumor market is governed by regulatory authorities such as the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The regulatory body requires the companies in the industry to adhere to same rules for conducting clinical trials, consistently throughout the region. These rules are relating to transparency of information and maintaining safety standards while conducting clinical trials of newly discovered drugs and therapies throughout the EU. The regulation also encourages cross-border cooperation for making the scope of these clinical tests wider. In 2019, Bristol-Myers Squibb acquired Celgene Corporation for an equity value of approximately $74 billion. Celgene Corporation is a biotechnology company that focuses on discovering and commercializing medicines for Cancer and inflammatory disorders. Celgene was founded in 1986 and is headquartered in New Jersey, United States. The acquisition is expected to help Bristol-Myers Squibb in expediting the development of drugs for oncology, inflammatory, cardiovascular and immunologic diseases. The acquisition also enhanced reach and scalability of the existing firms. Major players in the brain tumor drugs market are Pfizer Inc., Shimadzu Corporation, Toshiba Medical Systems, Merck & Co. Inc., AstraZeneca, Carestream Health, Philips Healthcare, Siemens Healthineers, Hitachi Medical Corporation and GE Healthcare. North America is the largest region in the brain tumor drugs market in 2021. The Middle East is expected to be the fastest growing region in the global brain tumor market during the forecast period. The regions covered in the global brain tumor drug market report are Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, South America, Middle East and Africa. The countries covered in the brain tumor drugs market report are Australia, Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, Russia, South Korea, UK, USA. The global brain tumor drugs market is segmented - 1) By Type: Medulloblastoma, Astrocytoma, Oligodendroglioma, Primitive Neuroectodermal (PNET), Others (Glioma, Acoustic Neuroma, Meningioma) 2) By Drug: Temozolomide, Carmustine, Cisplatin, Bevacizumab, Geftinib, Erlotinib 3) By End-User: Hospital Pharmacies, Clinics, Others

The cervical cancer drugs market consists of sales of cervical cancer drugs used for the treatment of cervical cancer in women. The cervical cancer is the medical condition in which there is a tumor formation in the lower portion of uterus which is known as cervix. The main types of cancer in cervical cancer drugs are squamous cell cancer and adenocarcinoma. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a kind of skin cancer which starts in the squamous cells. The epidermis, or outermost layer of the skin, is made up of thin, flat cells called squamous cells. The different types of drugs include avastin, bevacizumb, blemocin, blenoxane, others and distributed through various channels such as hospitals pharmacies, retail pharmacies, others. The global cervical cancer drugs market size is expected to grow from $21.29 billion in 2021 to $23.23 billion in 2022 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 2.1%. The growth in the market is mainly due to the companies rearranging their operations and recovering from the COVID-19 impact, which had earlier led to restrictive containment measures involving social distancing, remote working, and the closure of commercial activities that resulted in operational challenges. The global cervical cancer drug market size is expected to reach $30.95 billion in 2026 at a CAGR of 7.4%. The increasing prevalence of HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) in women is driving the growth of the cervical cancer drugs market. Women with HIV positive have a greater risk of cervical cancer than the general population. Nearly 18 million women have tested HIV positive globally, HIV weakens the immune system which increases the likelihood of cervical cancer. Women with HIV have an increased chance of being diagnosed with cervical cancer because the count of the protein CD4 goes down. According to a survey conducted by the National cancer institute, a person with HIV is three time as likely to be diagnosed with cervical cancer. The lack of awareness and other misconceptions about cervical cancers hinder the growth of the cervical cancer drugs market. A lot of cervical cancer-related deaths among women are due to late diagnosis of disease. The lack of awareness leads to avoidance about the disease; this ignorance causes delayed diagnosis and medication/treatment. According to, a study conducted at the Bowen University Teaching Hospital (BUTH), in Nigeria, about 318 women from the general outpatient clinic were interviewed to assess the level of awareness of cervical cancer. The level of awareness for cervical cancer was 22.6% and 17.9% for screening tests, with major sources of information being from health talks and hospital staffs. The cervical cancer drugs market is experiencing a number of significant trends that helps in efficient and targeted treatment of the disease including advances in drug delivery. One such trend is the use of drugs that can be delivered directly from the vagina such as drugs using vaginal formulations as gels, creams, pessaries, rings, films and tablets. These drugs ease the localized treatment of cervical cancer. The formulation of these drugs is in such a way that they get easily absorbed into vaginal tissue and reach the site of action. For instance, companies introduced vaginal gels such as Cidofovir gel and 851B Gel into the market to treat cervical cancer. As per the reports by International Council for Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH)'s Clinical Trials Registry, 851B Gel is in trial phase. Whereas Cidofovir gel, sold under the brand name Vistide, is already a success in the market. In addition to the above-mentioned gels, drugs such as ISA101, AGEN2034 and Z-100 are in pipeline and promise growth to the cervical cancer drugs market. The U.S. Food And Drug Administration (FDA) regulates the safety and effectiveness of cancer drugs in the market. The Oncologic Drugs Advisory Committee process evaluation and clinical trials of cancer drugs requested by FDA. The Division of Oncology Products 1 (DOP1) regulates investigation, application, licensing of new drug for gynecological cancers. Various clinical trials are done for approval of cervical cancer drugs. Under the title 21CFR314, subpart H regulates the approval of new drugs that are for serious illness. In January 2019, Bristol-Myers Squibb, an American biopharmaceutical company acquired Celgene for $74 billion. This acquisition will enable the Bristol-Myers Squibb to hold a strong position in oncology, immunology and inflammation and cardiovascular diseases drugs market. Celgene is an American biopharmaceutical company that discovers, develops, and commercializes therapies for the treatment of cancer and inflammatory diseases globally. Major players in the cervical cancer drugs market are F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Hetero, GlaxoSmithKline, Eli Lilly and Company, Pfizer, Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Allergan plc, Biocon Limited, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company and Novartis AG. North America is the largest region in the cervical cancer drugs market in 2021. The Middle East is expected to be the fastest growing region in the global cervical cancer drug market during the forecast period. The regions covered in the global cervical cancer market report are Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, South America, Middle East and Africa. The countries covered in the cervical cancer drugs market report are Australia, Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, Russia, South Korea, UK, USA. The global cervical cancer drugs market is segmented - 1) By Cancer Type: Squamous Cell Cancer, Adenocarcinoma 2) By Drug Type: Avastin, Bevacizumb, Blemocin, Blenoxane, Others 3) By Distribution Channel: Hospital Pharmacies, Retail Pharmacies, Others

The colorectal cancer drugs market consists of sale of colorectal cancer drugs. Colorectal cancer (CRC) or bowel cancer, is the cancer affecting large intestine and the rectum. They are also named, colon tumor or rectal cancer depending upon where they begin. The main types of colorectal cancer drugs are vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors, programmed cell death protein 1/PD1 ligand 1 (PD1/PDL1) inhibitors, BRAF or MEK inhibitors, tyrosine kinase (TKI) inhibitors, and immunomodulators. Vascular endothelial growth factor are drugs that block VEGF and VEGFR activity. The various classes of drugs include immunotherapy, chemotherapy, and others that are distributed by hospitals pharmacies, retail pharmacies, and others. The global colorectal cancer drugs market size is expected to grow from $12.77 billion in 2021 to $13.60 billion in 2022 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.5%. The growth in the market is mainly due to the companies rearranging their operations and recovering from the COVID-19 impact, which had earlier led to restrictive containment measures involving social distancing, remote working, and the closure of commercial activities that resulted in operational challenges. The global colorectal cancer drug market is expected to reach $16.43 billion in 2026 at a CAGR of 4.9%. The number of colorectal cancer worldwide has been increasing. According to the American Cancer Society (ACS), there were around 101,420 new cases of colon cancer and around 44,180 new cases of rectal cancer registered in the USA in 2019. The diagnosed incident cases of colorectal cancer are expected to increase by 27.3% to 672,400 cases by 2037. The reason for this increase can be attributed to factors such as low-fiber diet, obesity, consumption of alcohol and tobacco amongst others. The increase in number of colorectal cases will add to the overall size of the global colorectal cancer drugs market. Increasing use of biologics and targeted therapies restrains the bladder cancer drugs market. Biologic therapy uses a body’s immune system to fight cancer rather than chemical drugs which reduces the body’s immune power. Targeted therapies block the growth and spreading of colorectal cancer even in stage IV where chemical drugs are ineffective. For example, some targeted therapies that have been approved to treat colorectal cancer include bevacizumab, cetuximab and panitumumab. The advantages of biologics drugs and targeted therapies over conventional chemical drugs might negatively influence the market. Targeted therapies have already begun to extend the lifespan of metastatic colorectal cancer patients compared with chemotherapy-only therapy. Target therapy includes hormone therapies, gene expression modulators, apoptosis inducers, angiogenesis inhibitors, immunotherapies, signal transduction inhibitors, and toxin delivery molecules. Targeted therapy is attaining importance due to its specificity toward cancer cells, while sparing the toxicity to off-target cells. Opdivo and Keytruda are examples of targeted therapies. The colorectal cancer industry is governed by regulatory framework laid down by agencies such as US Food and Administration Agency (FDA), European Medicines Agency (EMA), American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), and others. For instance, FDA's recommendation for colorectal cancer drugs industry in the form of guidelines are mentioned within the CFR 's (Code for Federal Regulations) title number 21 under part 312, that contains sub-parts from A to I. The sub-part E deals with the procedures designed to push the development, evaluation, and marketing of drugs related to therapies aimed to treat persons with life-threatening and illnesses such as colorectal cancer. It also includes guidelines for the monitoring and evaluation of clinical trials of colorectal cancer drugs and other cancer drugs by agency officials to determine whether new treatments are safe and effective, or better than existing treatments. In April 2019, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, an American pharmaceutical company got the approval to acquire Celgene corporation for $74 billion. The transaction is expected to create a leading specialty company which would address the needs of patients with cancer, inflammatory and immunologic disease and cardiovascular disease through high-value innovative medicines and leading scientific capabilities. Celgene corporation, a company that develops medicines for cancer and inflammatory disorders, was founded in 1996 and has its headquarters in the USA. Major players in the colorectal cancer drugs market are Merck & Co. Inc, Roche, Sanofi, Amgen, Pfizer Inc., Abbott Laboratories, Taiho Pharma, Novartis, GlaxoSmithKline, Onyx, TAKEDA PHARMACEUTICALS, Bristol-Myers Squib, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma, Array BioPharma, Eli Lilly, RANDOX LABORATORIES, Suzhou Zelgen Biopharmaceuticals, Beckman Coulter Inc, Regeneron, EDP Biotech, Genomic Tree, Metabiomics Corporation, SIEMENS HEALTHCARE, Suzhou Zelgen Biopharmaceuticals, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma and EPIGENOMICS. North America was the largest region in the colorectal cancer drugs market in 2021. The Middle East is expected to be the fastest growing region in the global colorectal cancer drugs market during the forecast period. The regions covered in this report are Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, South America, Middle East and Africa. The countries covered in the colorectal cancer drugs market report are Australia, Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, Russia, South Korea, UK and USA. The global colorectal cancer drugs market is segmented - 1) By Type: Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Inhibitors, Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Inhibitors, Programmed Cell Death Protein 1/PD1 Ligand 1 (PD1/PDL1) Inhibitors, BRAF or MEK Inhibitors, Tyrosine Kinase (TKI) Inhibitors, Immunomodulators 2) By Distribution Channel: Hospitals Pharmacies, Retail Pharmacies, Others 3) By Class: Immunotherapy, Chemotherapy, Others

The kidney cancer drugs market consists of sales of kidney cancer drugs. It includes immunotherapy, chemotherapy and targeted therapy The main types of kidney cancer are renal cell carcinoma (RCC), urothelial carcinoma, others (renal sarcoma, renal lymphoma). Renal cell carcinoma is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the kidney's tubules. The different products involved are nexavar (sorafenib), sutent (sunitinib), afinitor (everolimus), votrient (pazopanib), avastin (bevacizumab), inlyta (axitinib), torisel (temsirolimus), proleukin (aldesleukin), others that are used by hospitals, clinics, research center, others. The global kidney cancer drugs market size is expected to grow from $6.85 billion in 2021 to $7.40 billion in 2022 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.0%. The growth in the market is mainly due to the companies rearranging their operations and recovering from the COVID-19 impact, which had earlier led to restrictive containment measures involving social distancing, remote working, and the closure of commercial activities that resulted in operational challenges. The global kidney cancer drug market is expected to reach $9.49 billion in 2026 at a CAGR of 6.4%. Rise in incidence of renal cancer acts as one of the major drivers of the kidney cancer drugs market. Change in lifestyle of people, consumption of tobacco and unhealthy diet are some factors which contribute to the growth of these renal cancer cells. According to American Cancer Society Report, around 73,750 new cases of kidney (renal) cancer were diagnosed in the US in 2020. Thus, driving the growth of the kidney cancer drugs market. Increasing use of biologics and targeted therapies acts as a restraint for the kidney cancer drugs market. When kidney cancer is spread to other organs, targeted therapies are used to control kidney cancer where chemical drugs are ineffective. Also, targeted drugs are used post kidney cancer surgery to prevent re-occurrence of kidney cancer. Conventional chemical drugs cannot be used in the same way. Also, targeted therapies for kidney cancer has illustrated higher efficiency than normal chemical drug-based chemotherapy in random clinical trials. In a study conducted by Pfizer, using targeted therapy had more chances of tumor shrinkage than using chemical drugs. Targeted drug, axitinib and Pembrolizumab are being used to treat stage IV kidney cancer which specially attacks the spreading points of cancer. Thus, pharmaceutical industry is embracing the targeted therapies because of the above-mentioned benefits. Therefore, hindering the growth of the kidney cancer drugs market. Use of combination therapy is trending in the kidney (renal) cancer drugs market. Combination therapy combines the effects of various drugs thereby reducing the likelihood of cancer resistant cells from developing. The improved understanding about renal cancer causes and effects has led to the discovery of combination therapy. Under this treatment the drugs from vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which stimulate the protein in the blood are combined with inhibitors of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTor), which helps promote cellular biogenesis. According to a study conducted by National cancer institute (NIH) in 2019, the combination treatment leads to better outcomes in the patients suffering from advanced kidney cancer. In April 2019, Merck attained food and drug administration (FDA) approval to combine their drug Pembrolizumab, which enhances the patients’ immune system along with Pfizer’s drug Axitinib, which prevents the spread of renal cancer, this combination of drugs can help increase the pace of the patients’ recovery in advanced kidney cancer. The kidney cancer drugs market is governed by regulatory framework of agencies such as Food and Administration Agency (FDA) and American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO). FDA's recommendation for kidney cancer drugs industry in the form of guidelines are mentioned within the CFR 's (Code for Federal Regulations) title number 21 under part 312, that contains sub-parts from sub part 'A' to sub part 'I'. The sub-part 'E' deals with the procedures designed to push the development, evaluation, and marketing of drugs related to therapies aimed to treat persons with life-threatening and illnesses such as kidney cancer. The sub part 'E' also includes guidelines for the monitoring and evaluation of clinical trials of kidney cancer drugs and other cancer drugs by agency officials to determine whether new treatments are safe and effective, or better than existing treatments. All companies operating in kidney cancer drugs industry are required to abide to the regulations under FDA. In April 2019, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, an American pharmaceutical company got the approval to acquire Celgene corporation for $74 billion. The transaction is expected to create a leading specialty company which would address the needs of patients with cancer, inflammatory and immunologic disease and cardiovascular disease through high-value innovative medicines and leading scientific capabilities. Celgene corporation, a company that develops medicines for cancer and inflammatory disorders, was founded in 1996 and has its headquarters in the USA. Major players in the kidney cancer drugsmarket are Bayer AG, Pfizer Inc, Novartis International AG, Exelixis Inc, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ag, Genentech Inc., Glaxosmithkline Plc, Active Biotech, Amgen, Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eisai, Roche, Cipla Limited, Onyx, Abbott Laboratories, Aveo Pharmaceuticals, Immatics Biotechnologies, Prometheus Laboratories, Argos Therapeutics, Myriad Genetics Inc, NeoGenomics Laboratories, NanoString Technologies Inc, Sysmex Corporation, Rosetta Genomics, Illumina Inc and Quest Diagnostics Incorporated. North America was the largest region in the kidney cancer drugs market in 2021. The Middle East is expected to be the fastest growing region in the global kidney cancer drugs market during the forecast period. The regions covered in the global kidney cancer drugs market report are Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, South America, Middle East and Africa. The countries covered in the market report are Australia, Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, Russia, South Korea, UK and USA. The global kidney cancer drugs market is segmented - 1) By Type: Renal Cell Carcinoma, Urothelial Carcinoma, Others (Renal Sarcoma, Renal Lymphoma) 2) By Product: Nexavar (Sorafenib), Sutent (Sunitinib), Afinitor (Everolimus), Votrient (Pazopanib), Avastin (Bevacizumab), Inlyta (Axitinib), Torisel (Temsirolimus), Proleukin (Aldesleukin), Others 3) By End-User: Hospitals, Clinics, Research Centers, Others

The microbiome market consists of sales of microbiomes drugs and related services. Microbiome therapy aims at restoring balanced gut microbiota and is expected to decrease the risk of infection recurrence and greatly increase the quality of life of patients. The main types of microbiomes are bacteria and other microbiome. Bacteria are ubiquitous, generally free-living creatures that typically consist of a single biological cell. The different technologies include genomics, proteomics, metabolomics and is used in inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, others. The global microbiome market size is expected to grow from $0.27 billion in 2020 to $0.37 billion in 2021 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 37%. The growth in the market is mainly due to the companies resuming their operations and adapting to the new normal while recovering from the COVID-19 impact, which had earlier led to restrictive containment measures involving social distancing, remote working, and the closure of commercial activities that resulted in operational challenges. The global microbiome therapy market is expected to reach $0.94 billion in 2025 at a CAGR of 26%. The increasing prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a key factor driving the growth of the microbiome market. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a multifactorial and autoimmune infection group consisting of two major entities such as ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and probiotics were discovered as potential applications in many immune-mediated disorders, such as IBD, to restore microbial balance. These microbial therapies have shown the potential to reduce both the dysbiotic condition and the development of inflammatory mediators, thereby enabling remission, particularly in UC. In 2019, approximately 1.6 million people in the United States suffered from untreatable inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's or ulcerative colitis. Therefore, the increasing prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is expected to drive the growth of the microbiome market. The high cost of microbial therapy is a key factor hampering the growth of the microbiome market. The price of fecal transplantation, a microbial therapy, may vary considerably depending on the delivery method used by users and where users receive it. Fecal microbiota transplant processes can charge around $600-$1,000 based on the method of treatment, area, insurance coverage and other variables. Therefore, the high cost of microbial therapy is expected to hinder the growth of the microbiome market. The growing technological improvement is a major trend gaining popularity in the microbiome market. Major companies in the microbiome sector are focusing on developing advanced technology solutions for microbiomes. For instance, Seed, a new microbiome company, has introduced Probiotic and Prebiotic Daily Synbiotica for both females and males. The Daily Synbiotic Seed is the first to follow a microbe-system strategy with strain-specific advantages beyond digestive health such as cardiac safety, dermatological health, immune control, reproductive health, the integrity of the gut barrier and oxidative stress. In January 2021, Novozymes, a Denmark based biotechnology company acquired Microbiome Labs for an undisclosed amount. Microbiome Labs’ acquisition is a crucial step in expanding Novozymes’ Human Health platform, giving it exposure to a wide range of patented solutions as well as access to the firm’s network of health professionals. Microbiome Labs is a US-based probiotics company. Major players in the microbiome market are MicroBiome Therapeutics LLC, Seres Therapeutics, Enterome Bioscience, Second Genome, Vedanta Biosciences Inc, AbbVie Inc., Rebiotix, Inc., Ritter Pharmaceuticals, LNC Therapeutics Inc. and ViThera Pharmaceuticals Inc. The regions covered in the microbiome therapy market report are Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, South America, Middle East and Africa. The countries covered in the microbiome market report are Australia, Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, Russia, South Korea, UK, USA. The global microbiome market is segmented - 1) By Type: Bacteria, Others 2) By Application: Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Diabetes, Multiple Sclerosis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Others 3) By Technology: Genomics, Proteomics, Metabolomics

The neurophysiology devices and equipment market consist of sales of neurophysiology devices and equipment and related services. These equipment and techniques help deal with different functions of the nervous system such as spinal cord and peripheral nerve dysfunction brain alterations and nerve damage. The main technologies involved in neurophysiology devices are electromyography (EMG), electroencephalography (EEG), electrocorticography (ECOG), and evoked potential (EP). Electromyography is a diagnostic process to assess the health of muscles and the nerve cells that control them (motor neurons). EMG results could reveal nerve dysfunction, muscle dysfunction, or problems with nerve-to-muscle signal transmission. The neurophysiology devices are either standalone or portable that are used by various end-users such as hospitals and ambulatory surgical centers. The global neurophysiology devices and equipment market size is expected to grow from $1.29 billion in 2021 to $1.39 billion in 2022 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.9%. The global neurophysiology device market size is then expected to grow to $1.72 billion in 2026 at a CAGR of 5.5%. The major factor responsible for the growth of the neurophysiology device and equipment market is the increasing prevalence of neurological disorders, worldwide. Neurological disorders are identified as one of the most prevalent disorders out of all the recurring ailments. There are more than 600 neurological disorders like brain tumors, epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's, etc. These disorders were ranked as the leading cause group of Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs), which is the number of years lost due to ill-health, disability, or early death. The increasing number of cases of neurological diseases and the growing count of patients are leading to the increasing demand for the devices used in the treatment of such disorders. For example, as per the National Brain Tumor Society, around 700,000 people in the USA were suffering from Brain Tumors in 2019. This would increase the demand for medical devices used in the treatment of neurological disorders, thus driving the Neurophysiology device and equipment market during the forecast period. The market for neurophysiology devices and equipment is restricted by the high cost of neurodiagnostic procedures. The treatments available for neurophysiological disorders are very expensive due to the advanced technology used in this equipment. The high cost of procedure leads to a decrease in demand for these treatments because of low affordability, especially in low-income countries, thus restraining the growth of the market. For example, a survey conducted by NCBI highlighted that the availability of EEG and EMG was significantly correlated with higher income group countries. Out of the surveyed low-income countries, only the top 20% could afford neurodiagnostic tests and in lower-middle-income countries more than 40% of the population were unable to afford this treatment, thus limiting the growth of the market. Companies in the neurophysiology devices and equipment market are investing in the advancement of technology to increase the efficiency of these devices. There have been plenty of innovations in brain monitoring devices, for instance, EEG monitoring, Brain Simulation therapies, and Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring. New technological innovations are enabling the development of devices that are integrating or adopting processes such as advanced neuroimaging techniques, stem cell therapies, molecular interventions, and microbiome technologies. There is also a trend of portable and wearable device technology assisting in home-based monitoring for ailments such as epilepsy and sleep apnea. For example, Smart Monitor, in 2019 developed SmartWatches called Embrace to monitor symptoms of epilepsy and instantly send alerts to the caregivers and family members of the patient, if any abnormal pattern is noticed in his body. This technology also helps in improving the safety and treatment of users. In the USA, the American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS) and the Congress of Neurological Surgeons (CNS) AANS/CNS regulate neurology devices including neurophysiology devices. There are two methods that manufacturers can use for premarket approval for neurophysiology devices. The first method consists of conducting clinical studies and submitting a premarket approval (PMA) application that includes evidence providing reasonable assurance that the device is safe and effective. The other method involves submitting a 510(k)-notification demonstrating that the device is substantially equivalent to a device already on the market (a predicate device) that does not require a PMA. Major players in the neurophysiology equipment market are Medtronic Plc, Nihon Kohden Corporation, Dr. Langer Medical Gmbh, Natus Medical Incorporated, Inomed Medizintechnik, NuVasiveInc, Axon Healthcare Ltd., Bovie Medical Corporation, Neurosign, and Neurowave Systems. The regions covered in the global neurophysiology devices and equipment market report are Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, South America, Middle East, and Africa. The countries covered in the neurophysiology devices and equipment market are Australia, Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, Russia, South Korea, UK, and USA. The global neurophysiology devices and equipment market is segmented - 1) By Technology: Electromyography (EMG), Electroencephalography (EEG), Electrocorticography (ECoG), Evoked Potential (EP) 2) By End-User: Hospitals, Ambulatory Surgical Centers 3) By Modality: Standalone, Portable

The microbiome therapeutics market consists of sales of microbiome therapeutics and related services which are used to treat and prevent various diseases such as Type 2 diabetes, Obesity, C. difficile infection and primary hyperoxyurea. The microbiome comprises of the genetic material within a microbiota which is an entire collection of microorganisms found in and on all multicellular organisms.

The global microbiome therapeutics market was valued at about $0.31 billion in 2018 and is expected to grow to $1.28 billion at a CAGR of 42.5% through 2022.

North America was the largest region in the microbiome therapeutics market in 2018, followed by Europe. The microbiome therapeutics market in the same region is forecasted to register the highest CAGR during 2018-2023.

Sedentary lifestyles, busy work lives, and unhealthy food choices are gradually becoming the leading causes of obesity globally. Growing urbanization and busy lifestyles are leading to increasing preference for packaged and processed food and physical inactivity. Microbiome therapeutics help prevent and treat diabetes by regulating sugar levels. According to the report by World Health Organizations in 2016, 650 million people were obese and 41 million children under the age of 5 were diagnosed with obesity. Rising prevalence of obesity may drive the sales of microbiome therapeutics to fight obesity.

Treatment with microbiomes are new and regulators get cautious to approve. Lack of preset regulatory framework increases the span of time the technology is marketed and commercialized. For instance, according to the publication of the U.S. Regulatory Considerations for Development of LBPs (live bacterial products) as drugs in 2017, staying abreast with the current regulatory guidance for microbiome-based therapeutics will be critical to the clinical development and market approval of breakthrough treatments. Lack of proper regulations also inhibit investors to invest in microbiome therapeutics, hampering the growth of microbiome therapeutics.

Companies are using phage therapy as their core technology due to its effectiveness in killing disease-causing bacteria in the human body. Phage therapy uses micro-organisms called bacteriophages to kill disease-causing bacteria by making their genetic material inactive, thus killing them. This treatment is very effective compared to other microbiome therapeutics as it only focuses on the disease-causing bacteria and does not harm other beneficial micro-organisms in the microbiome. For instance, companies such as Innophage and Enbiotix use phage therapy as their core technology to develop products that kill disease causing bacteria in humans.

In April 2018, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, a multinational pharmaceutical company acquired Rebiotix for an undisclosed amount. The acquisition helps Ferring to use the facilities of Rebiotix to develop a commercial human microbiome drug and attain first mover advantage by getting the drug approved for market release. Rebiotix, a company specializing in microbiome therapeutics, was founded in 2011 and is headquartered in the USA.

Major players in the microbiome therapeutics market are Seres Therapeutics, Enterome Bioscience, Rebiotix, MicroBiome Therapeutics and Ritter Pharmaceuticals.

Human Microbiome Therapeutics Market Definition

The human microbiome therapeutics market consists of sales of microbiome and related services used as immunotherapeutic agents in the pharmaceutical industry. Microbiomes are used as immunotherapy for a wide variety of conditions, including infectious diseases, endocrine & metabolic disorders, inflammatory conditions, cancers, irritable bowel syndrome, neurological disorders, hematological disorders and cardiovascular diseases. The microbiome consists of the genetic material within a microbiota, which is the collection of microorganisms, such as bacteria, archaea, fungi, and viruses, in a specific niche, such as the human gut. For example, the gut microbiome consists of collective genome of microbes inhabiting the gut. Microbiomes are also known as the metagenome of the microbiota.