Global Interleukin Inhibitors Market

The colorectal cancer drugs market consists of sale of colorectal cancer drugs. Colorectal cancer (CRC) or bowel cancer, is the cancer affecting large intestine and the rectum. They are also named, colon tumor or rectal cancer depending upon where they begin. The main types of colorectal cancer drugs are vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors, programmed cell death protein 1/PD1 ligand 1 (PD1/PDL1) inhibitors, BRAF or MEK inhibitors, tyrosine kinase (TKI) inhibitors, and immunomodulators. Vascular endothelial growth factor are drugs that block VEGF and VEGFR activity. The various classes of drugs include immunotherapy, chemotherapy, and others that are distributed by hospitals pharmacies, retail pharmacies, and others. The global colorectal cancer drugs market size is expected to grow from $12.77 billion in 2021 to $13.60 billion in 2022 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.5%. The growth in the market is mainly due to the companies rearranging their operations and recovering from the COVID-19 impact, which had earlier led to restrictive containment measures involving social distancing, remote working, and the closure of commercial activities that resulted in operational challenges. The global colorectal cancer drug market is expected to reach $16.43 billion in 2026 at a CAGR of 4.9%. The number of colorectal cancer worldwide has been increasing. According to the American Cancer Society (ACS), there were around 101,420 new cases of colon cancer and around 44,180 new cases of rectal cancer registered in the USA in 2019. The diagnosed incident cases of colorectal cancer are expected to increase by 27.3% to 672,400 cases by 2037. The reason for this increase can be attributed to factors such as low-fiber diet, obesity, consumption of alcohol and tobacco amongst others. The increase in number of colorectal cases will add to the overall size of the global colorectal cancer drugs market. Increasing use of biologics and targeted therapies restrains the bladder cancer drugs market. Biologic therapy uses a body’s immune system to fight cancer rather than chemical drugs which reduces the body’s immune power. Targeted therapies block the growth and spreading of colorectal cancer even in stage IV where chemical drugs are ineffective. For example, some targeted therapies that have been approved to treat colorectal cancer include bevacizumab, cetuximab and panitumumab. The advantages of biologics drugs and targeted therapies over conventional chemical drugs might negatively influence the market. Targeted therapies have already begun to extend the lifespan of metastatic colorectal cancer patients compared with chemotherapy-only therapy. Target therapy includes hormone therapies, gene expression modulators, apoptosis inducers, angiogenesis inhibitors, immunotherapies, signal transduction inhibitors, and toxin delivery molecules. Targeted therapy is attaining importance due to its specificity toward cancer cells, while sparing the toxicity to off-target cells. Opdivo and Keytruda are examples of targeted therapies. The colorectal cancer industry is governed by regulatory framework laid down by agencies such as US Food and Administration Agency (FDA), European Medicines Agency (EMA), American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), and others. For instance, FDA's recommendation for colorectal cancer drugs industry in the form of guidelines are mentioned within the CFR 's (Code for Federal Regulations) title number 21 under part 312, that contains sub-parts from A to I. The sub-part E deals with the procedures designed to push the development, evaluation, and marketing of drugs related to therapies aimed to treat persons with life-threatening and illnesses such as colorectal cancer. It also includes guidelines for the monitoring and evaluation of clinical trials of colorectal cancer drugs and other cancer drugs by agency officials to determine whether new treatments are safe and effective, or better than existing treatments. In April 2019, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, an American pharmaceutical company got the approval to acquire Celgene corporation for $74 billion. The transaction is expected to create a leading specialty company which would address the needs of patients with cancer, inflammatory and immunologic disease and cardiovascular disease through high-value innovative medicines and leading scientific capabilities. Celgene corporation, a company that develops medicines for cancer and inflammatory disorders, was founded in 1996 and has its headquarters in the USA. Major players in the colorectal cancer drugs market are Merck & Co. Inc, Roche, Sanofi, Amgen, Pfizer Inc., Abbott Laboratories, Taiho Pharma, Novartis, GlaxoSmithKline, Onyx, TAKEDA PHARMACEUTICALS, Bristol-Myers Squib, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma, Array BioPharma, Eli Lilly, RANDOX LABORATORIES, Suzhou Zelgen Biopharmaceuticals, Beckman Coulter Inc, Regeneron, EDP Biotech, Genomic Tree, Metabiomics Corporation, SIEMENS HEALTHCARE, Suzhou Zelgen Biopharmaceuticals, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma and EPIGENOMICS. North America was the largest region in the colorectal cancer drugs market in 2021. The Middle East is expected to be the fastest growing region in the global colorectal cancer drugs market during the forecast period. The regions covered in this report are Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, South America, Middle East and Africa. The countries covered in the colorectal cancer drugs market report are Australia, Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, Russia, South Korea, UK and USA. The global colorectal cancer drugs market is segmented - 1) By Type: Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Inhibitors, Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Inhibitors, Programmed Cell Death Protein 1/PD1 Ligand 1 (PD1/PDL1) Inhibitors, BRAF or MEK Inhibitors, Tyrosine Kinase (TKI) Inhibitors, Immunomodulators 2) By Distribution Channel: Hospitals Pharmacies, Retail Pharmacies, Others 3) By Class: Immunotherapy, Chemotherapy, Others

The breast cancer drugs market consists of sales of breast cancer drugs and related services. This industry includes establishments that produce drugs used in chemotherapy, surgery and radio therapy for treating breast cancer. The main drug types in breast cancer drugs HER2 inhibitors, mitotic inhibitors, anti-metabolites, aromatase inhibitors and hormonal receptor. A mitotic inhibitor is a medication that prevents cell division, or mitosis. Microtubules, that pull the chromosomes apart as a cell divide, are disrupted by these medications. The different types include metastatic breast cancer, triple negative breast cancer, others (ductal carcinoma insitu, invasive ductal carcinoma, inflammatory breast cancer, breast cancer during pregnancy, others). The several sectors include hospitals, clinics, others and distributed through various channels such as ambulatory surgical centres, hospitals, clinics, retail pharmacies, online channels. The global breast cancer drugs market size is expected to grow from $28.45 billion in 2021 to $31.58 billion in 2022 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 11.0%. The growth in the market is mainly due to the companies rearranging their operations and recovering from the COVID-19 impact, which had earlier led to restrictive containment measures involving social distancing, remote working, and the closure of commercial activities that resulted in operational challenges. The global breast cancer drug market size is expected to reach $45.06 billion in 2026 at a CAGR of 9.3%. The increasing prevalence of breast cancer is driving the breast cancer drugs market. Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer among women and affects around 2.1 million women each year. According to the World Health Organization, breast cancer effected 2.3 million women globally in 2020, with 685 000 fatalities. The factors responsible for breast cancer include heredity, age, lifestyle of a person and is more common in developed countries. As the number of people diagnosed with breast cancer rises, the demand for breast cancer drugs increases, thereby driving market growth. Adverse side effects caused by the use of breast cancer drugs is acting as a restraint on the breast cancer drugs market. Breast cancer drugs can result in long term or short term side effects including headaches, dental issues, osteoporosis, heart problems, cataracts, blood clots, infertility and others. As a result, patients depend on alternate or complementary treatments to deal with the side effects, thereby increasing overall treatment costs. Also, the long lasting nature of some of the side effects discourage the use of breast cancer drugs, affecting market growth. Manufacturers of breast cancer drugs are increasingly collaborating or partnering with other companies to share technology, resources, product knowledge and expand business. For instance, in March 2019, Astrazeneca entered into a partnership deal worth $6.9 billion for the development of a breast cancer drug. According to the deal, the companies will jointly develop the drug trastuzumab deruxtecan and will share development and commercialization costs for the drug worldwide. Novartis collaborated with IBM Watson Health for the development of a solution that can determine drug combinations and sequences for best patient outcomes. Manufacturers of breast cancer drugs are governed by various regulatory bodies such as the Food and Drug Administration in the USA and the European Medicines Agency in the European Union. The European medicinces agency (EMA) regulates the market for breast cancer drugs by granting licences to the drugs that have been proven to be safe and clinically effective. The drug is evaluated to understand its benefits and risks and then tested for any post usage effects. The drug can be commercially sold in the European Union upon approval from the EMA. The EMA can also grant a "conditional marketing authorisation" indicating approval, but can withdraw it if found unsafe or ineffective. Major players in the breast cancer drugs market are F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Novartis AG, AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly and Company, Celgene Corporation, Biocon, Merck & Co. Inc., Genzyme Corporation, Janssen Global services LLC and MacroGenics Inc. North America is the largest region in the breast cancer drugs market in 2021. The Middle East is expected to be the fastest growing region in the global breast cancer drug market during the forecast period. The regions covered in the global breast cancer market report are Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, South America, Middle East and Africa. The countries covered in the breast cancer drugs market report are Australia, Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, Russia, South Korea, UK, USA. The global breast cancer drugs market is segmented - 1) By Type: Metastatic Breast Cancer, Triple Negative Breast Cancer, Others (Ductal Carcinoma Insitu, Invasive Ductal Carcinoma, Inflammatory Breast Cancer, Breast Cancer During Pregnancy, Others) 2) By Drug Type: HER2 Inhibitors, Mitotic Inhibitors, Anti-Metabolites, Aromatase Inhibitors, Hormonal Receptors 3) By End-User: Amubulatory, Hospitals, Clinics, Others 4) By Distribution Channel: Hospital Pharmacies, Retail Pharmacies/ Drug Stores, Others

The drugs for immunotherapy market consist of sales of immunotherapy drugs. Immunotherapy drugs help the immune system to fight cancer by stimulating the immune system of the body and generate an immune response aiding the production of antibodies. The main types of drugs for immunotherapy are monoclonal antibodies, interferons, interleukins, vaccines, checkpoint inhibitors and others. Monoclonal antibodies are created by cloning a single white blood cell. Every subsequent antibody generated in this manner may be traced back to a single parent cell. The different areas of therapy include cancer, autoimmune & inflammatory diseases, infectious diseases, others and is used by various sectors such as hospitals and clinics, ambulatory surgical centers, others. The global drugs for immunotherapy market size is expected to grow from $186.39 billion in 2021 to $208.56 billion in 2022 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 11.9%. The growth in the market is mainly due to the companies resuming their operations and adapting to the new normal while recovering from the COVID-19 impact, which had earlier led to restrictive containment measures involving social distancing, remote working, and the closure of commercial activities that resulted in operational challenges. The immunotherapy drugs market is expected to reach $310.48 billion in 2026 at a CAGR of 10.5%. The immunotherapy drugs market is being driven by rising incidences of cancer globally. The major causes for most cancers include obesity, smoking, alcohol, improper eating habits. According to the American Cancer Society, in 2019, around 606,880 deaths were caused in USA due to prevalence of the cancer. The Cancer Research UK predicts that there will be 27.5 million new cases of cancer each year by 2040. The rising incidences of cancer are expected to increase the demand for immunotherapy drugs driving market growth. The high cost of immunotherapy drugs is acting as a restraint on the drugs for immunotherapy market as a smaller number of patients can afford the treatment. Immunotherapy drugs are expensive as drugs are made specifically for each patient and investment costs in the research and development are high. For instance, Novartis’ Kymriah and Gilead Sciences’ Yescarta are two immunotherapy treatments that cost between $373,000 and $475,000 per patient depending on the type of cancer. The Yervoy (ipilimumab) drug from Bristol-Myers Squibb, for the treatment of melanoma, a type of skin cancer costs $120,000 per course of treatment. The high cost of immunotherapy drugs makes it unaffordable, thereby affecting market growth. Manufacturers of immunotherapy drugs are increasingly collaborating or partnering with other companies to share technology, resources, product knowledge and expand business. For example, Illumina Inc. and Bristol-Myers Squibb (BMS) collaborated to utilize Illumina’s next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology to develop and commercialize in-vitro diagnostic (IVD) assays in support of Bristol-Myers Squibb's oncology portfolio. Allogene Therapeutics Inc. and Pfizer Inc. entered into an asset contribution agreement to use Pfizer’s portfolio of assets related to allogeneic CAR-T therapy. Manufacturers of immunotherapy drugs are governed by various regulatory bodies such as the Food and Drug Administration in the USA. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates drugs and biologics under the authority granted to it by the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FD&C Act) and its amendments. Under this authority, FDA regulates the pre-market testing and marketing approval for all immunotherapeutic agents, either as drugs or biologics depending on the source and function of the investigational agent. Immunotherapeutic products that are regulated as biologics include antibodies and proteins and some nucleic acids. In August 2020, Bristol Myers Squibb, a US-based pharmaceutical company that manufactures prescription pharmaceuticals and biologics in several therapeutic areas, including cancer, HIV/AIDS, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hepatitis, rheumatoid arthritis and psychiatric disorders acquired Dragonfly Therapeutics’ investigational immunotherapy program for $475 million. Through this acquisition Bristol Myers Squibb will be granted Dragonfly’s extended half-life cytokine DF6002, a monovalent IL-12 immunoglobulin Fc. Dragonfly Therapeutics, Inc. is a US-based discovery-stage company developing drugs to stimulate immune responses against cancer. Major players in the drugs for immunotherapy market are F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Novartis AG, Amgen, Inc., AbbVie, Inc., and Merck & Co. Inc., GlaxoSmithKline, Eli Lilly and Company, Bristol-Myers Squibb, AstraZeneca plc, Johnson & Johnson and UbiVac. North America was the largest region in the immunotherapy market in 2021. The Middle East is expected to be the fargest growing region in the forecast period. The regions covered in the drugs for immunotherapy market report are Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, South America, Middle East and Africa. The countries covered in the drugs for immunotherapy market report are Australia, Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, Russia, South Korea, UK, USA. The global drugs for immunotherapy market is segmented - 1) By Type: Monoclonal Antibodies, Interferons, Interleukins, Vaccines, Checkpoint Inhibitors, Others 2) By Therapy Area: Cancer, Autoimmune and Inflammatory Diseases, Infectious Diseases, Others 3) By End-User: Hospitals and Clinics, Ambulatory Surgical Centers, Others

The HER2 inhibitors market consists of sales of HER2 inhibitors and related services by entities (organizations, sole traders, and partnerships) that manufacture HER2 inhibitors. Human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2) inhibitors slow down or stop cell growth thus reducing the risk for cancer growth. The main types of treatments in HER2 inhibitor are monotherapy and combination therapy. Monotherapy refers to the use of a single medicine to treat a specific condition or disease. The different applications include squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, large cell carcinoma, breast cancer, others and involves several sectors such as hospitals, clinics, others. The global HER2 inhibitors market size is expected to grow from $6.61 billion in 2021 to $7.26 billion in 2022 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 9.9%. The growth in the market is mainly due to the companies resuming their operations and adapting to the new normal while recovering from the COVID-19 impact, which had earlier led to restrictive containment measures involving social distancing, remote working, and the closure of commercial activities that resulted in operational challenges. The HER2 inhibitors market is expected to reach $10.60 billion in 2026 at a CAGR of 9.9%. The rise in the number of breast cancer cases across the globe is likely to contribute to the growth of the HER-2 inhibitors market during the forecast period. According to the American Cancer Society, there were 1.7 million new cases and 0.6 million cancer deaths in 2019 in the USA. As of January 2020, there were more than 3.5 million women with a history of breast cancer in the US. This includes women currently being treated and women who have completed their treatment. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), breast cancer affected 2.3 million women globally in 2020, with 685 000 fatalities. Therefore, the rise in the breast cancer incidence rate globally is anticipated to boost the demand for the HER-2 inhibitors market over the forthcoming years. High costs associated with the HER-2 inhibitors treatment is a major issue faced by citizens of many countries. The pressure to contain costs and demonstrate value is widespread. Political uncertainty and persistent economic stress in numerous countries are calling into question the sustainability of public health care funding. In less wealthy countries, the lack of cost-effective therapies for cancer has influenced the health conditions of the population and has led to a low average life expectancy. Trastuzumab, a licensed HER2 inhibitor, has been the most expensive systemic cancer therapy procedure at a variety of disease sites. In 2019, the cost of trastuzumab in India ranged from $774.6 to $841.35 per 440 mg vial. In patients with HER 2 positive early breast cancer, nearly 18 cycles of therapy based on trastuzumab are needed that further charge more than $1,335.52 in India. Therefore, the high cost of HER2 inhibitors is expected to hinder the growth of the HER2 inhibitors market. Biotechnology companies are focusing on acquiring or partnering with biopharmaceutical companies to develop and promote the HER-2 inhibitors market. There have been several partnerships in recent years which help these companies to increase their HER-2 inhibitors portfolio, enhance their revenues and share the costs. For instance, in June 2020, Alphamab Oncology, a biotechnology company, collaborated with Sanofi, a pharmaceutical company, for investigating KN026 in combination with other drugs for the treatment of HER2 breast cancer. KN026 is a HER2 inhibitor developed by Alphamab Oncology. In 2019, Daiichi Sankyo announced its collaboration with AstraZeneca for development and commercialization collaboration for Daiichi Sankyo’s HER2 targeting antibody drug conjugate. In August 2021, Pfizer Inc., a US-based pharmaceutical and biotechnology corporation acquired Trillium Therapeutics Inc for an undisclosed amount. This acquisition of Trillium will build a robust record of leadership in oncology, enhancing the hematology portfolio to enhance outcomes for people living with blood cancers worldwide. Trillium Therapeutics Inc is a Canada-based company that develops therapies for the treatment of cancer. Major players in the HER2 inhibitors market are F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Merck & Co. Inc., Novartis AG, Pfizer Inc., Puma Biotechnology Inc., Boehringer-Ingelheim, Mylan and Biocon. North America was the largest region in the HER2 inhibitors market in 2021. The Middle East is expected to be the fargest growing region in the forecast period. The regions covered in the HER2 inhibitors market report are Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, South America, Middle East and Africa. The countries covered in the HER2 inhibitors market report are Australia, Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, Russia, South Korea, UK, USA. The global HER2 inhibitors market is segmented - 1) By Treatment: Monotherapy, Combination Therapy 2) By Application: Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Adenocarcinoma, Large Cell Carcinoma, Breast Cancer, Others 3) By End-User: Hospitals, Clinics, Others

The HIV drugs market consists of sales of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) drugs used for the treatment of HIV infection/AIDS. The market consists of revenue generated by the antiretroviral drug companies manufacturing the anti-retroviral drugs such as nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), entry and fusion inhibitors, integrase inhibitors, and protease inhibitors (PIs) for the treatment of HIV infection. The main types of HIV drugs are nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTs), non- nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTs), protease inhibitors, integrate inhibitors, fusion inhibitors, chemokine receptor inhibitors and others. Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) are structural nucleoside analogues of DNA nucleotides that inhibit HIV-1 RT and viral replication by preventing reverse transcription of the HIV genome. The drugs are administered through oral and parenteral methods that are used by hospital pharmacies, retail pharmacies, online pharmacies, and others. The global HIV drugs market size is expected to grow from $31.23 billion in 2021 to $33.39 billion in 2022 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.9%. The change in the HIV drugs market growth trend is mainly due to the companies stabilizing their output after catering to the demand that grew exponentially during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. The HIV drugs market is expected to reach $40.32 billion in 2026 at a CAGR of 4.8%. The novel coronavirus outbreak has augmented the growth of global HIV drugs market. HIV drugs are repurposed to treat COVID-19 infections. Currently, several countries are evaluating and using antiretroviral drugs (for instance lopinavir boosted with ritonavir (LPV/r)), for treating coronavirus infections. Increasing awareness among people regarding diagnosis and treatment of HIV disease acts as an important driver for the growth of the HIV drug market. HIV/AIDS is one of the most chronic diseases and the high prevalence of the disease in almost all parts of the world has resulted in an unprecedented awareness regarding the disease. According to WHO, 26 million people were diagnosed with HIV/AIDS in 2020, whereas, 32.7 million people died of AIDS related illness at the end of 2019. The federal government agencies, and various associations across the globe have introduced many initiatives and education campaigns for community awareness to address HIV prevention, treatment, and care. Side effects of HIV drugs have always been a major challenge in antiretroviral therapy. Antiretroviral drugs are used to treat HIV and AIDS as these drugs help lower viral load, control the growth of the virus, boosts the ability to fight infections, prevent HIV transmission to others and help stop or slow down symptoms. These drugs come with both short-term side effects (diarrhea, difficulty in sleeping, dizziness, fatigue, headache, muscle pain) and long-term side effects (depression, diabetes, heart disease, insomnia). There are several side effects associated with the therapy, thus impacting the growth of the market. Antiretroviral drugs market is increasingly implementing multi-class combination products for treatment of anti-retroviral therapy. Combination drugs combine multiple medications into one drug form. Example for multiclass combination drugs or single-tablet regimens (STRs), include both NRTIs and NNRTIs: doravirine, lamivudine, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (Delstrigo). Based on drug class, drugs are segmented into Integrase Inhibitors, Protease Inhibitors, Multi-Class Combination Products, Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs), Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTIs) and Others. Multi-class combination products are the rising burden of HIV and new drug approval. According to WHO, around 690 000 people died from HIV in 2019. Many companies are focusing on developing breakthrough products for the treatment through antiretroviral drugs in order to maintain their competitive advantage and penetrate new regional markets. Major players in the HIV drugs market are ViiV Healthcare, Gilead Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Janssen (Johnson&Johnson), F. HOFFMANN-LA ROCHE LTD, Boehringer Ingelheim (C.H. Boehringer Sohn AG & Ko. KG), AbbVie, Inc., GlaxoSmithKline plc, Mylan Pharmaceuticals, Pfizer, TEVA PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES LTD, Hetero Drugs, Daiichi Sankyo, Emcure, AstraZeneca, CIPLA, Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Shionogi, Theratechnologies, and Abbott Laboratories Inc. North America was the largest region in the HIV drugs market in 2021. The Middle East is expected to be the fargest growing region in the forecast period. The regions covered in the HIV drugs market report are Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, South America, Middle East and Africa. The countries covered in the HIV drugs market report are Australia, Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, Russia, South Korea, UK and USA. The global HIV drugs market is segmented - 1) By Type: Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTs), Non- Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTs), Protease Inhibitors, Integrate Inhibitors, Fusion Inhibitors, Chemokine Receptor Inhibitors, Others 2) By Application: Hospital Pharmacies, Retail Pharmacies, Online Pharmacies, Others 3) By Administration: Oral, Parenteral

The immuno-oncology drugs market consists of sales of immuno-oncology drugs used for the treatment of cancer and related services by entities (organizations, sole traders and partnerships) that produce immuno-oncology drugs for cancer treatment. Immuno-oncology is the artificial stimulation of the immune system to treat cancer, improving the immune system's ability to fight the disease. The market consists of revenue generated by the companies manufacturing immuno-oncology drugs by the sales of these products. The main types of immuno-oncology drugs are monoclonal antibodies, immune checkpoint inhibitors, immune system modulators, cancer vaccines and others. Monoclonal antibodies are created by cloning a single white blood cell. Every subsequent antibody generated in this manner may be traced back to a single parent cell. The different therapeutic applications include melanoma, lung cancer, blood cancer, renal cell carcinoma, prostate cancer, bladder cancer, others and involves various sectors such as hospitals, clinics, ambulatory surgical centers, cancer research institutes. The global immuno-oncology drugs market size is expected to grow from $60.32 billion in 2021 to $70.59 billion in 2022 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 17.0%. The growth in the market is mainly due to the companies resuming their operations and adapting to the new normal while recovering from the COVID-19 impact, which had earlier led to restrictive containment measures involving social distancing, remote working, and the closure of commercial activities that resulted in operational challenges. The immuno-oncology market is expected to reach $120.37 billion in 2026 at a CAGR of 14.3%. The rise in the number of cancer cases across the globe is likely to contribute to the growth of the immune-oncology drugs market. According to the American Cancer Society, there were 1.7 million new cases and 0.6 million cancer deaths in 2019 in the USA. The four most common types of cancers worldwide are lung, prostate, bowel, and female breast cancer, accounting for 43% of the new cancer cases. Therefore, the rise in cancer incidence rate globally is anticipated to boost the demand for the immune-oncology drugs market over the coming years. The high cost of immuno-oncology therapies is a key factor hampering the growth of the market. The immunotherapy drugs cost more than the other cancer drugs and people who need immunotherapy for cancer, too often are not able to afford it. High costs associated with drugs is a major issue faced by patients across the globe. The pressure to contain costs and demonstrate value is widespread. In less wealthy countries, the lack of cost-effective drugs has influenced the health conditions of the population and has led to a low average life expectancy. Immunotherapy often costs an average annual price of more than $100,000 per patient and if the value of medical assistance is included then the price would reach $850,000 per patient. Therefore, the high cost of immuno-oncology therapies is expected to hinder the growth of the immune-oncology drugs market. Companies in the immuno-oncology drugs market are increasing their product innovation through strategic collaborations. To sustain in the increasingly competitive immuno-oncology drugs market, companies are developing innovative products as well as sharing skills and expertise with other companies. While companies have long collaborated with each other as well as with academic and research institutions in this market by way of partnerships, and in- or out-licensing deals, this trend has been increasing over the recent years. In 2019, Takeda announced its decision to accelerate the discovery of next-generation cancer immunotherapies, through collaborations. The company will collaborate with Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK) to discover and develop novel chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) products for the treatment of multiple myeloma, acute myeloid leukemia and additional solid tumor indications. In December 2019, Sanofi, a Paris-based biopharmaceutical company, acquired Synthorx, Inc. for $2.5 billion. This acquisition is expected to allow Sanofi to gain access to Synthorx's immuno-oncology drug candidate IL-2 therapeutics for solid tumors along with its expanded genetic alphabet platform. This builds a portfolio of high-quality assets for Sanofi to lead with innovation in the oncology market. Synthorx, Inc. is a US-based clinical-stage biotechnology company focused on cancer and autoimmune disorders. Major players in the immuno-oncology drugs market are Amgen Inc., AstraZeneca Plc, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celgene Corporation, Eli Lilly and Company, Merck & Co., F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Johnson & Johnson, Novartis International AG and AbbVie Inc. The regions covered in the immuno-oncology drugs market report are Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, South America, Middle East and Africa. The countries covered in the immuno-oncology drugs market report are Australia, Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, Russia, South Korea, UK, USA. The global immuno-oncology drugs market is segmented - 1) By Type: Monoclonal Antibodies, Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors, Immune System Modulators, Cancer Vaccines, Others 2) By Therapeutic Application: Melanoma, Lung Cancer, Blood Cancer, Renal Cell Carcinoma, Prostate Cancer, Bladder Cancer, Others 3) By End-User: Hospitals, Clinics, Ambulatory Surgical Centers, Cancer Research Institutes

The immunosuppressant market consists of sales of immunosuppressants or anti-rejection drugs generated by companies manufacturing immunosuppressant drugs. Immunosuppressants are medicinal substances that prevent or inhibit activity in the immune system. Immunosuppressive drugs are mainly used in organ transplantation procedures and also in the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, multiple sclerosis, and others. The main classes of drugs in immunosuppressants are corticosteroids, monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), calcineurin inhibitors, mTOR inhibitors, anti-proliferative agents and others. Monoclonal antibodies are created by cloning a single white blood cell. Every subsequent antibody generated in this manner may be traced back to a single parent cell. The different indications include organ transplantation, autoimmune disorders, non-autoimmune inflammatory diseases and is distributed through various channels such as hospital pharmacies, retail pharmacies, online pharmacies. The global immunosuppressants market size is expected to grow from $16.54 billion in 2021 to $19.52 billion in 2022 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 18%. The growth in the market is mainly due to the companies resuming their operations and adapting to the new normal while recovering from the COVID-19 impact, which had earlier led to restrictive containment measures involving social distancing, remote working, and the closure of commercial activities that resulted in operational challenges. The immunosuppressant market is expected to reach $34.05 billion in 2026 at a CAGR of 14.9%. The surge in organ transplant procedures such as kidney transplant and liver transplant due to the rise in incidences of organ failure is the major factor driving the immunosuppressant market growth. According to the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS), 39,718 organ transplants were performed in 2019 in the United States, and as of March 2020, there are more than 112,000 candidates on the U.S. national transplant waiting list, waiting for an organ transplant. According to the Global Liver Institute’s 2019 report, there are 13,192 liver patients in the U.S. waiting for a lifesaving transplant. The increasing number of cases of organ transplants and organ failure incidences in patients are, therefore, expected to drive the market growth. Stringent government regulations are expected to hamper the growth of the market. Regulators such as the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) maintain public safety for food and drugs through a stringent regulatory drug approval process. For an immunosuppressant drug to be approved by the regulatory authorities, the sponsor must provide satisfactory evidence regarding the safety and efficacy of a drug in a patient with a defined clinical condition. Sponsors should submit to the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) any information on the immunotoxicology evaluation of drugs whenever such information becomes available, for review. Many guidelines have also been adopted by the EU including those providing general guidance, more specific guidance on quality issues, and non-clinical and clinical aspects. Therefore, the stringent regulatory and approval process on immunosuppressant drugs are projected to hamper the overall growth of the immunosuppressants market. The phenotypic personalized medicine or PPM or a hybrid of artificial intelligence and physician intervention is a new approach to overcome the issues with immunosuppressants. For instance, Tacrolimus is the most widely used immunosuppressant for patients who are undergoing organ transplantation. When the patient is in the hospital, Tacrolimus immunosuppressant levels must be checked regularly and changed frequently. PPM approach that is based on a computational platform is used to overcome this concern. The inputs from the computational platform-based PPM approach includes the past response of the patient to the dose of the drug and other drugs that are being taken, and current data on liver and kidney. Using PPM, the physician can identify the optimal drug and dose combination from various possibilities. Therefore, it is believed that artificial intelligence is leading the way to not only more personalized and effective drug dosing but also enhancing physicians’ decision-making capabilities by providing clinical data rather than predicted responses. In 2019, AbbVie, an American publicly-traded biopharmaceutical company, acquired Allergan for $63 billion. The transaction significantly expanded and diversified AbbVie's revenue base and existing leadership position in immunology with humira and recently launched skyrizi and rinvoq, and hematologic oncology with imbruvica and venclexta. Allergan provides new growth opportunities in neuroscience, with Botox therapeutics, Vraylar, and Ubrelvy and a global aesthetics business, with leading brands including Botox and Juvéderm. Allergan is an Irish-domiciled pharmaceutical company that develops, manufactures, and markets brand name drugs and medical devices in the areas of medical aesthetics, eye care, central nervous system, and gastroenterology. Major players in the immunosuppressant market are Astellas Pharma, GlaxoSmithKline, Bristol Myers Squibb, Johnson & Johnson, Intas Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Mylan Laboratories Inc, Pfizer, Novartis, Novartis AG, and Sanofi S.A. The regions covered in the immunosuppressant market report are Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, South America, Middle East and Africa. The countries covered in the immunosuppressant market report are Australia, Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, Russia, South Korea, UK, USA. The global immunosuppressants market is segmented - 1) By Drug Class: Corticosteroids, Monoclonal Antibodies (MAbs), Calcineurin Inhibitors, mTOR Inhibitors, Anti-Proliferative Agents, Others 2) By Indication: Organ Transplantation, Autoimmune Disorders, Non-Autoimmune Inflammatory Diseases 3) By Distribution Channel: Hospital Pharmacies, Retail Pharmacies, Online Pharmacies

The checkpoint inhibitors market consists of sales of the immune checkpoint inhibitor drugs and related services by entities (organizations, sole traders and partnerships) that produce checkpoint inhibitors for treating cancer. A checkpoint inhibitor is a drug that blocks proteins that stop the body’s immune system from killing the cancer cells. One type of cell in the immune system that fights the cancer cells are T-cells. T cells have proteins on them that turn on immune response and other proteins that turn it off. These are called checkpoints. Some checkpoints help T-cells to become active while others help T-cells to switch off. When cancer cells produce high levels of proteins, the switch off checkpoints restrict the immune responses from being strong and sometimes even stops the T-cells from killing the cancer cells. When the checkpoints are blocked by the checkpoint inhibitor from binding with its partner proteins, this allows the T-cells to kill the cancer cells. The main types of drugs in checkpoint inhibitors are PD-1 inhibitors, PD-L1 inhibitors, CTLA-4, chimeric antigen receptor T-cell and others. PD-1 inhibitors and PD-L1 inhibitors are anticancer checkpoint inhibitors which impede the action of the immune checkpoint proteins PD-1 and PDL1 on the cell surface. It is used in lung cancer, renal cancer, blood cancer, bladder cancer, melanoma, others and implemented in various sectors such as hospitals pharmacies, retail pharmacies, online pharmacies. The global checkpoint inhibitors market size is expected to grow from $19.86 billion in 2021 to $23.93 billion in 2022 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 20.5%. The growth in the market is mainly due to the companies resuming their operations and adapting to the new normal while recovering from the COVID-19 impact, which had earlier led to restrictive containment measures involving social distancing, remote working, and the closure of commercial activities that resulted in operational challenges. The checkpoint inhibitor market is expected to reach $46.27 billion in 2026 at a CAGR of 17.9%. The rise in the number of cancer cases across the globe is likely to contribute to the growth of the checkpoint inhibitors market during the forecast period. According to the American Cancer Society, there were 1.7 million new cases and 0.6 million cancer deaths in 2019 in the USA. The four most common types of cancers worldwide are lung, prostate, bowel, and female breast cancer, accounting for 43% of all the new cancer cases. Checkpoint inhibitors targeting the checkpoints are very helpful as cancer therapies. Therefore, the rise in cancer incidence rate globally is anticipated to boost the demand for the checkpoint inhibitors market. The high cost of checkpoint inhibitor cancer treatment is expected to limit the checkpoint inhibitor market. The pressure to contain costs and demonstrate value is widespread. Political uncertainty and persistent economic stress in numerous countries are calling into question the sustainability of public health care funding. In less wealthy countries, the lack of cost-effective therapies for cancer has influenced the health conditions of the population and has led to a low-average life expectancy. For instance, the cost for a course of intravenous checkpoint inhibitor therapy is around $150,000 to $250,000, which is very expensive, especially for countries without public insurance. Therefore, the high cost of checkpoint inhibitor cancer treatment is expected to limit the checkpoint inhibitor market. Major companies in the checkpoint inhibitor market are forming partnerships or collaborations for the development of advanced technologies such as bifunctional fusion protein or Y-trap. Most of the patients with cancer do not respond to immune checkpoint inhibitors. To make immunotherapies more effective, a group of researchers has developed the bifunctional fusion protein or Y-trap. This drug is created by fusing a receptor for a protein called TGF-beta that targets checkpoint protein such as PD-L1 or CTLA-4. Y- Trap targets both a checkpoint inhibitor and TGF-beta and gives a more effective way to block the immune suppression and destroys the cancer cells. Merck, a prominent science and technology group, and GSK, a research-based global healthcare company, have announced that they have entered into a global strategic partnership to jointly create and market M7824 (bintrafusp alfa). M7824 is an investigational bi-functional fusion protein immunotherapy that is currently in clinical research, including possible registration trials, for various difficult-to-treat cancers. This includes a Phase II study to investigate M7824 compared to pembrolizumab as a first-line treatment in patients with PD-L1 expressing advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In another instance, in June 2020, Targovax, a Norway-based biotechnology company that develops immune activators for targeting solid tumors, entered into a collaboration with Leidos’ Explorations in Global Health (ExGloH) division for evaluating the potential of using ONCOS, a Targovax's clinical program of oncolytic adenoviruses, as a vector to encode Microtide™ checkpoint inhibitor peptides. In June 2020, Targovax, a Norway-based biotechnology company, entered into a collaboration with the Explorations in Global Health (ExGloH) division of Leidos for evaluating the potential of using ONCOS, a Targovax's clinical program of oncolytic adenoviruses, as a vector to encode Microtide checkpoint inhibitor peptides. Explorations in Global Health (ExGloH) division of Leidos has created a specific, proprietary portfolio of microbially-derived peptides called MicrotideTM that act as immune checkpoint inhibitors. Leidos is a US-based company that deals with defense, aviation, information technology, and biomedical research. Major players in the checkpoint inhibitors market are AstraZeneca PLC, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Merck & Co., Inc., Roche Holding AG, Pfizer, Incyte Corporation, Novartis AG, and NewLink Genetics Corporation. North America is the largest region in the checkpoint inhibitors market in 2021. The Middle East is expected to be the fastest growing region in the forecast period. The regions covered in the checkpoint inhibitors market report are Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, South America, Middle East and Africa. The countries covered in the checkpoint inhibitors market report are Australia, Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, Russia, South Korea, UK, USA. The global checkpoint inhibitors market is segmented - 1) By Drug: PD-1 Inhibitors, PD-L1 Inhibitors, CTLA-4, Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell, Others 2) By Application: Lung Cancer, Renal Cancer, Blood Cancer, Bladder Cancer, Melanoma, Others 3) By End-User: Hospital Pharmacies, Retail Pharmacies, Online Pharmacies