Global Respiratory Drugs Market

CAR-T Therapy Market Definition

The chimeric antigen receptor -T therapy market consists of sales of CAR-T therapy products and related services by entities (organizations, sole traders and partnerships) that develop chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies to treat blood cancers. CAR-T therapy is type of immunotherapy in which T-cells taken from patient’s blood are modified in a laboratory with the addition of a special protein receptor that grants T-cells the power to recognize as well as kill cancer cells easily, along with infusing the same back into that patient. This special protein receptor, known as the chimeric antigen receptor (CAR), attaches to a specific protein on a patient’s cancer cells. The infused cells multiply and prevail in the patient’s body as living drugs. This industry includes establishments that are involved in the research and development to introduce new targeted cell therapies for treating indications related mostly to hematological malignancies. However, some of the pipeline CAR-T therapies are aimed at targeting solid tumors including pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, gastric cancer, kidney cancer, brain tumor, and other cancer types.

Central Nervous System Drugs Market Definition

The central nervous system (CNS) drugs market consists of sales of central nervous system drugs and related services by entities (organizations, sole traders and partnerships) that manufacture central nervous system drugs that are used in the treatment of diseases affecting the brain or spinal cord. The CNS drugs include anesthetics, anticonvulsants, antiemetics, antiparkinsonian agents, CNS stimulants, analgesics, and sedatives. Neurological diseases such as Epilepsy, Parkinson and psychological indications such as depression, and dementia are generally treated through these CNS drugs. Nervous system disorders are defined as disorders that affect the brain as well as the nerves found throughout the human body and the spinal cord. Structural, biochemical or electrical abnormalities in the brain, spinal cord or other nerves can result in a range of symptoms. Some of the common clinical indications of such disorders include paralysis, muscle weakness, poor coordination, loss of sensation, seizures, confusion, pain and altered levels of consciousness. These also include mental health conditions such as depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The market for CNS disorder drugs comprises of drugs that work in different ways depending on the type of disease by suppressing or boosting the brain activities.

Vaccines Market Definition

The vaccines market consists of sales of vaccines and related services by entities (organizations, sole traders and partnerships) that produce vaccines to prevent various diseases. Vaccines are biological preparations that stimulate the immune system and prepare it to fight future infections caused by pathogens. They trigger the production of antibodies against pathogens or any foreign matter that enters the body. Vaccines can be administered orally, through injections or by aerosol. Vaccine doses are administered to both children (pediatric vaccines) and adults based on the schedule set for each vaccine. For adults, the vaccines are recommended based on age, health condition, prior vaccinations and occupation. The vaccines market is segmented into anti-infective vaccines; anti-cancer vaccines; and other-vaccines. Only goods and services traded between entities or sold to end consumers are included. Vaccines are preventative medicines which are administered to the general population or to those vulnerable in a population as a precautionary measure to combat a disease, they may include single or multiple doses. Vaccines work by mimicking the infectious bacteria or virus that cause a disease. They energize the body’s immune system to build up a defensive mechanism against the infectious virus or bacteria without causing the disease. Vaccines contain weakened versions of bacteria or virus, and some contain only part of the bacteria or virus. Specific vaccines also contain only the genetic material for a specific protein which directs the body to produce similar type of protein.

Dry Eye Medication Market Definition

The dry eye medication market consists of sales of dry eye drugs and other related services by entities (organizations, sole traders and partnerships) that manufacture dry eye medication (or drugs) used to treat dry eyes. The dry eye medication market covers drugs that are used in the treatment of diseases related to dry eyes, irritation, pain, and infection. Dry eye is one of the most common eye related medical conditions; for example, an estimated 25 million Americans suffer from at least one symptom of dry eyes. It can be defined as the inability of human eyes to produce or maintain a sufficient quantity and quality of natural tears to lubricate the eyes. This can result in damage to the surface of the eyes, leading to pain, irritation, and inflammation, increase the risk of eye infection, and affect a person’s vision. Common disorders caused by dry eyes include keratoconjunctivitis sicca, evaporative dry eye disease, and aqueous dry eye disease. The market numbers in this briefing cover pharmaceutical (drug) treatments and do not cover biologic treatments for these conditions, which are included in a separate report.

Ophthalmology Drugs Market Definition

The ophthalmology drugs market consists of sales of ophthalmology drugs and related services by entities (organizations, sole traders and partnerships) that produce ophthalmology drugs to treat eye related diseases. The ophthalmology drugs industry includes establishments that produce pharmaceutical drugs to treat glaucoma diseases, anti- inflammatory and tear stimulating drugs under dry eye medications drugs, and other drugs for treating retinal disorders and allergies. Some of the major ophthalmic drugs include Eylea, Lucentis, Restasis, Vigamox, Azopt, and Lotemax. The pharmaceutical industry develops drugs to diagnose, cure, treat or prevent diseases. Pharmaceutical drugs are subjected to various laws and regulations that deal with patenting, testing, safety, efficacy and marketing. Ophthalmologic drug manufacturers produce pharmaceutical drugs made from active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) and excipients.

The cell therapy market consists of sales of cell therapy and related services. Cell therapy (CT) helps repair or replace damaged tissues and cells. A variety of cells are used for the treatment of diseases includes skeletal muscle stem cells, hematopoietic (blood-forming) stem cells (HSC), lymphocytes, mesenchymal stem cells, pancreatic islet cells, and dendritic cells. The main type in cell therapy are stem cell therapy, cell vaccine, adoptive cell transfer (act), fibroblast cell therapy and chondrocyte cell therapy. Stem cell treatment, also known as regenerative medicine, uses stem cells or their derivatives to stimulate the healing response of sick, defective, or wounded tissue. The different types of therapies include allogeneic therapies, autologous therapies and is used in various applications such as oncology, cardiovascular disease (CVD), orthopedic, wound healing, others. The global cell therapy market size is expected to grow from $7.2 billion in 2020 to $7.82 billion in 2021 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.6%. The growth in the market is mainly due to the companies resuming their operations and adapting to the new normal while recovering from the COVID-19 impact, which had earlier led to restrictive containment measures involving social distancing, remote working, and the closure of commercial activities that resulted in operational challenges. The global cell therapy market is expected to reach $12.06 billion in 2025 at a CAGR of 11%. The rising prevalence of chronic diseases contributed to the growth of the cell therapy market. According to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), chronic disease is a condition that lasts for one year or more and requires medical attention or limits daily activities or both and includes heart disease, cancer, diabetes, and Parkinson’s disease. Stem cells can benefit the patients suffering from spinal cord injuries, type 1 diabetes, Parkinson’s disease (PD), heart disease, cancer, and osteoarthritis. For instance, according to the Center for Diseases Control and Prevention report in 2021, due to poor nutrition, and lack of physical activity, 6 in 10 adults in the USA are suffering from a chronic disease and 4 in 10 have two or more diseases. According to International Diabetes Federation, in 2019, globally 463 million people have diabetes and the number is expected to rise to 700 million by 2045. According to the Parkinson’s Foundation, every year, 60,000 Americans are diagnosed with PD, and more than 10 million people are living with PD worldwide. The growing prevalence of chronic diseases increased the demand for cell therapies and contributed to the growth of the market. The high cost of cell therapy hindered the growth of the cell therapy market. Cell therapies have become a common choice of treatment in recent years as people are looking for the newest treatment options. Although there is a huge increase in demand for cell therapies, they are still very costly to try. Basic joint injections can cost about $1,000 and, based on the condition, more specialized procedures can cost up to $ 100,000. In 2020, the average cost of stem cell therapy can range from $4000 - $8,000 in the USA. Therefore, the high cost of cell therapy restraints the growth of the cell therapy market. Key players in the market are strategically partnering and collaborating to expand the product portfolio and geographical presence of the company. For instance, in October 2021, Takeda, a Japan based pharmaceutical company acquired GammaDelta Therapeutics, a US based company that offers cell therapies, to speed up the development of allogeneic T cell therapies for solid tumours. Furthermore, in November 2020, Sanofi, a US based pharmaceutical company acquired Kiadis, a Netherlands based pharmaceutical company, to boost cell therapy which is used to develop treatments for life-threatening diseases. In August 2019, Bayer AG, a Germany-based pharmaceutical and life sciences company, acquired BlueRock Therapeutics, an engineered cell therapy company, for $1 billion. Through this transaction, Bayer AG will acquire complete BlueRock Therapeutics’ CELL+GENE platform, including a broad intellectual property portfolio and associated technology platform including proprietary iPSC technology, gene engineering, and cell differentiation capabilities. BlueRock Therapeutics is a US-based biotechnology company focused on developing engineered cell therapies in the fields of neurology, cardiology, and immunology, using a proprietary induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) platform. Major players in the cell therapy market are Fibrocell Science Inc., JCR Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., PHARMICELL Co. Ltd., Osiris Therapeutics Inc., MEDIPOST, Vericel Corporation, Anterogen Co. Ltd., Kolon TissueGene Inc., Stemedica Cell Technologies Inc. and AlloCure. The regions covered in the cell therapy market report are Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, South America, Middle East and Africa. The countries covered in the cell therapy market report are Australia, Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, Russia, South Korea, UK, USA The global cell therapy market is segmented - 1) By Type: Stem Cell Therapy, Cellular Immunotherapy 2) By Therapy Type: Allogeneic Therapies, Autologous Therapies 3) By Application: Oncology, Cardiovascular Disease (CVD), Orthopedic, Wound Healing, Others

The gene therapy market consists of sales of gene therapy related services by entities (organizations, sole traders and partnerships) that manufacture gene therapy drugs. Gene therapy is used to replace faulty genes or add new genes to cure disease or improve the body's ability to fight disease. Only goods and services traded between entities or sold to end consumers are included. The main types of vectors in gene therapy are viral vector, non-viral vector, others. Viral vectors are methods that molecular biologists often utilise to convey genetic material into cells.It is used in oncological disorders, rare diseases, cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, infectious diseases, others and implemented in various sectors such as hospitals, homecare, specialty clinics, others. The global gene therapy market size is expected to grow from $3.18 billion in 2020 to $3.97 billion in 2021 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 24.8%. The growth in the market is mainly due to the companies resuming their operations and adapting to the new normal while recovering from the COVID-19 impact, which had earlier led to restrictive containment measures involving social distancing, remote working, and the closure of commercial activities that resulted in operational challenges. The global gene therapy market is expected to reach $12.16 billion in 2025 at a CAGR of 32%. Incidences of cancer and other target diseases have been increasing significantly, which is calling for effective treatments, driving the growth of the gene therapy market. The rise in the number of cancer cases across the globe is likely to contribute to the growth of the gene therapy market during the forecast period. According to the American Cancer Society, there were 1.7 million new cases and 0.6 million cancer deaths in 2019 in the USA. The four most common types of cancer worldwide are lung, prostate, bowel, and female breast cancer, accounting for 43% of all the new cancer cases. Therefore, the rise in the cancer incidence rate globally is anticipated to boost the demand for the gene therapy market over the forthcoming years. Gene therapy is one of the most effective treatments in oncology. In this treatment, new genes are introduced into a cancerous cell or the surrounding tissue to cause cell death or slow the growth of cancer. For instance, in September 2019, RMIT University, Australia has found that non-viral gene therapy can be used to speed up cancer research, which can bring patient-friendly cancer treatment in the market. The high prices of gene therapy medicines are expected to limit the growth of the gene therapy market. The pressure to contain costs and demonstrate value is widespread. Political uncertainty and persistent economic stress in numerous countries are calling into question the sustainability of public health care funding. In less wealthy countries, the lack of cost-effective therapies for cancer and other diseases has influenced the health conditions of the population and has led to a low average life expectancy. Luxturna, a one-time treatment for acquired retinal eye disease, costs $850,000 in the US and £613,410 in the UK, despite a markdown that is applied through Britain's National Health Service. Zolgensma, for spinal muscular atrophy, is valued at $2.1 million in the US and Zynteglo, which focuses on a rare genetic blood disorder, costs $1.78 million, thus restraining the growth of the market. The use of machine learning and artificial intelligence is gradually gaining popularity in the gene therapy market. Artificial intelligence (AI) is the simulation of human intelligence in machines, which are programmed to display their natural intelligence. Machine learning is a part of AI. Machine learning and AI help companies in the gene therapy market to conduct a detailed analysis of all relevant data, provide insights between tumor and immune cell interactions, and offer a more accurate evaluation of tissue samples often conflicted between different evaluators. For instance, since January 2020, GlaxoSmithKline, a pharmaceutical company, has been investing in AI to optimize gene therapy and develop off-the-shelf solutions for patients. It is also expected to reduce turnaround time and also the cost of gene therapies. In December 2019, Roche, a Switzerland-based company, completed its acquisition of Spark Therapeutics for $4.3 billion. With this deal, Roche is expected to strengthen its presence in the gene therapy segment, support transformational therapies and increase its product portfolio. Spark Therapeutics is a US-based company involved in gene therapy. Major players in the gene therapy market are Novartis AG, Bluebird Bio Inc., Spark Therapeutics Inc., Audentes Therapeutics, Voyager Therapeutics, Applied Genetic Technologies Corporation, UniQure N.V., Celgene Corporation, Cellectis S.A. and Sangamo Therapeutics. The regions covered in the gene therapy market report are Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, South America, Middle East and Africa. The countries covered in the gene therapy market report are Australia, Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, Russia, South Korea, UK, USA. The global gene therapy market is segmented - 1) By Vector: Viral Vector, Non-Viral Vector, Others 2) By Application: Oncological Disorders, Rare Diseases, Cardiovascular Diseases, Neurological Disorders, Infectious Diseases, Others 3) By End-User: Hospitals, Homecare, Specialty Clinics, Others Sub Segments: 1) By Viral Vector: Adenovector, Retro Vector, Lentivector, Others 2) By Non-Viral Vector: Nucleic Acid Based Gene Therapy, Electroporation, Lipofection 3) Other Vector: Bacterial Vectors, Yeasy Vectors, Others

The microbiome market consists of sales of microbiomes drugs and related services. Microbiome therapy aims at restoring balanced gut microbiota and is expected to decrease the risk of infection recurrence and greatly increase the quality of life of patients. The main types of microbiomes are bacteria and other microbiome. Bacteria are ubiquitous, generally free-living creatures that typically consist of a single biological cell. The different technologies include genomics, proteomics, metabolomics and is used in inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, others. The global microbiome market size is expected to grow from $0.27 billion in 2020 to $0.37 billion in 2021 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 37%. The growth in the market is mainly due to the companies resuming their operations and adapting to the new normal while recovering from the COVID-19 impact, which had earlier led to restrictive containment measures involving social distancing, remote working, and the closure of commercial activities that resulted in operational challenges. The global microbiome therapy market is expected to reach $0.94 billion in 2025 at a CAGR of 26%. The increasing prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a key factor driving the growth of the microbiome market. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a multifactorial and autoimmune infection group consisting of two major entities such as ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and probiotics were discovered as potential applications in many immune-mediated disorders, such as IBD, to restore microbial balance. These microbial therapies have shown the potential to reduce both the dysbiotic condition and the development of inflammatory mediators, thereby enabling remission, particularly in UC. In 2019, approximately 1.6 million people in the United States suffered from untreatable inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's or ulcerative colitis. Therefore, the increasing prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is expected to drive the growth of the microbiome market. The high cost of microbial therapy is a key factor hampering the growth of the microbiome market. The price of fecal transplantation, a microbial therapy, may vary considerably depending on the delivery method used by users and where users receive it. Fecal microbiota transplant processes can charge around $600-$1,000 based on the method of treatment, area, insurance coverage and other variables. Therefore, the high cost of microbial therapy is expected to hinder the growth of the microbiome market. The growing technological improvement is a major trend gaining popularity in the microbiome market. Major companies in the microbiome sector are focusing on developing advanced technology solutions for microbiomes. For instance, Seed, a new microbiome company, has introduced Probiotic and Prebiotic Daily Synbiotica for both females and males. The Daily Synbiotic Seed is the first to follow a microbe-system strategy with strain-specific advantages beyond digestive health such as cardiac safety, dermatological health, immune control, reproductive health, the integrity of the gut barrier and oxidative stress. In January 2021, Novozymes, a Denmark based biotechnology company acquired Microbiome Labs for an undisclosed amount. Microbiome Labs’ acquisition is a crucial step in expanding Novozymes’ Human Health platform, giving it exposure to a wide range of patented solutions as well as access to the firm’s network of health professionals. Microbiome Labs is a US-based probiotics company. Major players in the microbiome market are MicroBiome Therapeutics LLC, Seres Therapeutics, Enterome Bioscience, Second Genome, Vedanta Biosciences Inc, AbbVie Inc., Rebiotix, Inc., Ritter Pharmaceuticals, LNC Therapeutics Inc. and ViThera Pharmaceuticals Inc. The regions covered in the microbiome therapy market report are Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, South America, Middle East and Africa. The countries covered in the microbiome market report are Australia, Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, Russia, South Korea, UK, USA. The global microbiome market is segmented - 1) By Type: Bacteria, Others 2) By Application: Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Diabetes, Multiple Sclerosis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Others 3) By Technology: Genomics, Proteomics, Metabolomics