Global Synthetic Biology Market

CAR-T Therapy Market Definition

CRISPR Technology Market Definition

The gene therapy market consists of sales of gene therapy related services by entities (organizations, sole traders and partnerships) that manufacture gene therapy drugs. Gene therapy is used to replace faulty genes or add new genes to cure disease or improve the body's ability to fight disease. Only goods and services traded between entities or sold to end consumers are included. The main types of vectors in gene therapy are viral vector, non-viral vector, others. Viral vectors are methods that molecular biologists often utilise to convey genetic material into cells.It is used in oncological disorders, rare diseases, cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, infectious diseases, others and implemented in various sectors such as hospitals, homecare, specialty clinics, others. The global gene therapy market size is expected to grow from $3.18 billion in 2020 to $3.97 billion in 2021 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 24.8%. The growth in the gene therapy market is mainly due to the companies resuming their operations and adapting to the new normal while recovering from the COVID-19 impact, which had earlier led to restrictive containment measures involving social distancing, remote working, and the closure of commercial activities that resulted in operational challenges. The global gene therapy market is expected to reach $12.16 billion in 2025 at a CAGR of 32%. Incidences of cancer and other target diseases have been increasing significantly, which is calling for effective treatments, driving the growth of the gene therapy market. The rise in the number of cancer cases across the globe is likely to contribute to the growth of the gene therapy market during the forecast period. According to the American Cancer Society, there were 1.7 million new cases and 0.6 million cancer deaths in 2019 in the USA. The four most common types of cancer worldwide are lung, prostate, bowel, and female breast cancer, accounting for 43% of all the new cancer cases. Therefore, the rise in the cancer incidence rate globally is anticipated to boost the demand for the gene therapy market over the forthcoming years. Gene therapy is one of the most effective treatments in oncology. In this treatment, new genes are introduced into a cancerous cell or the surrounding tissue to cause cell death or slow the growth of cancer. For instance, in September 2019, RMIT University, Australia has found that non-viral gene therapy can be used to speed up cancer research, which can bring patient-friendly cancer treatment in the market. The high prices of gene therapy medicines are expected to limit the growth of the gene therapy market. The pressure to contain costs and demonstrate value is widespread. Political uncertainty and persistent economic stress in numerous countries are calling into question the sustainability of public health care funding. In less wealthy countries, the lack of cost-effective therapies for cancer and other diseases has influenced the health conditions of the population and has led to a low average life expectancy. Luxturna, a one-time treatment for acquired retinal eye disease, costs $850,000 in the US and £613,410 in the UK, despite a markdown that is applied through Britain's National Health Service. Zolgensma, for spinal muscular atrophy, is valued at $2.1 million in the US and Zynteglo, which focuses on a rare genetic blood disorder, costs $1.78 million, thus restraining the growth of the market. The use of machine learning and artificial intelligence is gradually gaining popularity in the gene therapy market. Artificial intelligence (AI) is the simulation of human intelligence in machines, which are programmed to display their natural intelligence. Machine learning is a part of AI. Machine learning and AI help companies in the gene therapy market to conduct a detailed analysis of all relevant data, provide insights between tumor and immune cell interactions, and offer a more accurate evaluation of tissue samples often conflicted between different evaluators. For instance, since January 2020, GlaxoSmithKline, a pharmaceutical company, has been investing in AI to optimize gene therapy and develop off-the-shelf solutions for patients. It is also expected to reduce turnaround time and also the cost of gene therapies. In December 2019, Roche, a Switzerland-based company, completed its acquisition of Spark Therapeutics for $4.3 billion. With this deal, Roche is expected to strengthen its presence in the gene therapy segment, support transformational therapies and increase its product portfolio. Spark Therapeutics is a US-based company involved in gene therapy. Major players in the gene therapy market are Novartis AG, Bluebird Bio Inc., Spark Therapeutics Inc., Audentes Therapeutics, Voyager Therapeutics, Applied Genetic Technologies Corporation, UniQure N.V., Celgene Corporation, Cellectis S.A. and Sangamo Therapeutics. The regions covered in the gene therapy market report are Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, South America, Middle East and Africa. The countries covered in the gene therapy market report are Australia, Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, Russia, South Korea, UK, USA. The global gene therapy market is segmented - 1) By Vector: Viral Vector, Non-Viral Vector, Others 2) By Application: Oncological Disorders, Rare Diseases, Cardiovascular Diseases, Neurological Disorders, Infectious Diseases, Others 3) By End-User: Hospitals, Homecare, Specialty Clinics, Others Sub Segments: 1) By Viral Vector: Adenovector, Retro Vector, Lentivector, Others 2) By Non-Viral Vector: Nucleic Acid Based Gene Therapy, Electroporation, Lipofection 3) Other Vector: Bacterial Vectors, Yeasy Vectors, Others

The 3D cell culture technologies market consists of sales of 3D cell culture technologies and related services. Some of the 3D cell culture technologies include microfluidics, hydrogels scaffolds, scaffold-free 3D cell culture techniques, spheroids, cube, spherical droplet, stacked plate, magnetic bead, organ-on-chips and other technologies. The 3D cell culture technologies market does not include sales of cell culture consumables and instruments. The main types of 3D cell culture technologies are scaffold-based, scaffold-free, and 3D bioreactors. The 3D bioreactors are small plastic cylinder chambers designed specifically for growing cells in three dimensions. The various scaffold-based technologies include hydrogels, polymeric scaffolds, micropatterned surface microplates and the different scaffold-free technologies are hanging drop microplates, spheroid microplates, microfluidic 3d cell culture, magnetic levitation and 3D bioprinting. The technologies are applied for cancer research, stem cell research, drug discovery, and regenerative medicine that are used by research laboratories and institutes, biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies, hospitals and diagnostic centers, and other end users. The global 3D cell culture technologies market size is expected to grow from $2.03 billion in 2021 to $2.39 billion in 2022 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 18.0%. The growth in the 3D cell culture technologies market is mainly due to the companies resuming their operations and adapting to the new normal while recovering from the COVID-19 impact, which had earlier led to restrictive containment measures involving social distancing, remote working, and the closure of commercial activities that resulted in operational challenges. The 3D cell culture technologies market is expected to reach $4.71 billion in 2026 at a CAGR of 18.5%. The increasing requirement for organ transplantation is driving the 3D Cell Culture Technologies Market. 3D cell culture helps in forming a three-dimensional structure which further helps in mimicking the tissue or organ and therefore helps in organ transplantation. 3D cell structures are capable of tissue and organ regeneration as well as providing the provision for drug toxicology screening. According to the U.S. government information on organ donation and transplantation, 39,718 transplants were performed in 2019 and above 109,000 people are waiting for the transplant as of September 2020. The possibility of contaminating the cells is restricting the 3D Cell Culture technologies market. Contamination of the cell culture refers to the presence of bacteria, moulds, yeasts, viruses, and mycoplasma that can adversely affect the cell culture. Contamination usually occurs when the cells are mishandled or due to the lack of adequate care, as a result the process of regeneration may get affected. According to a study conducted by Yale and Tuff's university, it was found that 3D cultures are more complex than 2D cell cultures and they require a more controlled cellular environment in order to mimic structures for tissue or organ transplants. Therefore, probability of cell culture contamination is relatively higher in 3D cell cultures. Implementing the latest technology is the latest trend in the 3D Cell culture market. For example, various companies have adopted one such advancement into the market for 3D cell culture, this is the use of the vivo/vitro environment. Cell expansion and interactions under 2D are not appropriate in vitro models but when compared with 3D cell culture technique, it offers a better cell culture environment. The Vitro environment enables researchers or doctors to conduct the procedure in a controlled environment outside the organism. This procedure is gaining importance as it plays a vital role in monitoring the health of patients. FDA approved Biotek's 3D cell expansion system to be used as a medical device. It also approved Biotek's Polycaprolactone (PCL) which is a biodegradable polyester material that is used in many FDA approved implants and drug delivery devices. FDA regulates the cell culture technologies under title 21, sec 864.2240. FDA states that cell and tissue culture technologies should be labelled or mentioned as sterile, or else they would be removed from the good manufacturing practice of the quality system. Each technology unit should maintain procedures to receive, review, and evaluate complaints. These procedures should also include the consistent documentation of the receipts. In May 2021, CELLINK Group, a USA-based startup that designs and supplies technologies and services to enhance biology research, has acquired Visikol Corporation for $7.5 million. With this acquisition, CELLINK made an entrance into the contract research market. Visikol Corp., an American contract research services company that provides pharma and biotech industries with leading services in 3D cell culture, 3D tissue imaging, multiplex imaging, and digital pathology. Major players in the 3D cell culture technologies market are Becton Dickinson, Corning Incorporation, Eppendorf, GE Healthcare, Merck KGaA, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Lonza, HiMedia Laboratories, Agilent Technologies, PromoCell GmbH, CellGenix GmbH, InvivoGen, Greiner Bio-One, Irvine Scientific, Cell Culture Company (CCC) LLC, Sera Care Life Sciences Incorporation, American Type Culture Collection, Miltenyi Biotec, AITbiotech, ESSEN, Sigma-Aldrich, Bel-Art, MilliporeSigma, Cellgenix, Sumitomo Bakelite, EMD Millipore, AffymetrixInc, VWR International, LLC, WHEATON IndustriesInc, and Sartorius AG. The regions covered in the 3D cell culture technologies market report are Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, South America, Middle East and Africa. The countries covered in the 3D cell culture technologies market report are Australia, Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, Russia, South Korea, UK, and USA. The global 3D cell culture technologies market is segmented - 1) By Type: Scaffold-Based, Scaffold-Free, 3D Bioreactors 2) By End Users: Research Laboratories and Institutes, Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Companies, Hospitals and Diagnostic Centers, Other End Users 3) By Scaffold-Based: Hydrogels, Polymeric Scaffolds, Micropatterned Surface Microplates 4) By Scaffold-Free: Hanging Drop Microplates, Spheroid Microplates, Microfluidic 3D Cell Culture, Magnetic Levitations and 3D Bioprinting 5) By Application: Cancer Research, Stem Cell Research, Drug Discovery, Regenerative Medicine The main types of 3D cell culture technologies are scaffold-based, scaffold-free, and 3D bioreactors. The 3D bioreactors are small plastic cylinder chambers designed specifically for growing cells in three dimensions. The various scaffold-based technologies include hydrogels, polymeric scaffolds, micropatterned surface microplates and the different scaffold-free technologies are hanging drop microplates, spheroid microplates, microfluidic 3d cell culture, magnetic levitation and 3D bioprinting. The technologies are applied for cancer research, stem cell research, drug discovery, and regenerative medicine that are used by research laboratories and institutes, biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies, hospitals and diagnostic centers, and other end users. The global 3D cell culture technologies market size is expected to grow from $2.03 billion in 2021 to $2.39 billion in 2022 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 18.0%. The growth in the market is mainly due to the companies resuming their operations and adapting to the new normal while recovering from the COVID-19 impact, which had earlier led to restrictive containment measures involving social distancing, remote working, and the closure of commercial activities that resulted in operational challenges. The 3D cell culture technologies market is expected to reach $4.71 billion in 2026 at a CAGR of 18.5%. The increasing requirement for organ transplantation is driving the 3D Cell Culture Technologies Market. 3D cell culture helps in forming a three-dimensional structure which further helps in mimicking the tissue or organ and therefore helps in organ transplantation. 3D cell structures are capable of tissue and organ regeneration as well as providing the provision for drug toxicology screening. According to the U.S. government information on organ donation and transplantation, 39,718 transplants were performed in 2019 and above 109,000 people are waiting for the transplant as of September 2020. The possibility of contaminating the cells is restricting the 3D Cell Culture technologies market. Contamination of the cell culture refers to the presence of bacteria, moulds, yeasts, viruses, and mycoplasma that can adversely affect the cell culture. Contamination usually occurs when the cells are mishandled or due to the lack of adequate care, as a result the process of regeneration may get affected. According to a study conducted by Yale and Tuff's university, it was found that 3D cultures are more complex than 2D cell cultures and they require a more controlled cellular environment in order to mimic structures for tissue or organ transplants. Therefore, probability of cell culture contamination is relatively higher in 3D cell cultures. Implementing the latest technology is the latest trend in the 3D Cell culture market. For example, various companies have adopted one such advancement into the market for 3D cell culture, this is the use of the vivo/vitro environment. Cell expansion and interactions under 2D are not appropriate in vitro models but when compared with 3D cell culture technique, it offers a better cell culture environment. The Vitro environment enables researchers or doctors to conduct the procedure in a controlled environment outside the organism. This procedure is gaining importance as it plays a vital role in monitoring the health of patients. FDA approved Biotek's 3D cell expansion system to be used as a medical device. It also approved Biotek's Polycaprolactone (PCL) which is a biodegradable polyester material that is used in many FDA approved implants and drug delivery devices. FDA regulates the cell culture technologies under title 21, sec 864.2240. FDA states that cell and tissue culture technologies should be labelled or mentioned as sterile, or else they would be removed from the good manufacturing practice of the quality system. Each technology unit should maintain procedures to receive, review, and evaluate complaints. These procedures should also include the consistent documentation of the receipts. In May 2021, CELLINK Group, a USA-based startup that designs and supplies technologies and services to enhance biology research, has acquired Visikol Corporation for $7.5 million. With this acquisition, CELLINK made an entrance into the contract research market. Visikol Corp., an American contract research services company that provides pharma and biotech industries with leading services in 3D cell culture, 3D tissue imaging, multiplex imaging, and digital pathology. Major players in the 3D cell culture technologies market are Becton Dickinson, Corning Incorporation, Eppendorf, GE Healthcare, Merck KGaA, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Lonza, HiMedia Laboratories, Agilent Technologies, PromoCell GmbH, CellGenix GmbH, InvivoGen, Greiner Bio-One, Irvine Scientific, Cell Culture Company (CCC) LLC, Sera Care Life Sciences Incorporation, American Type Culture Collection, Miltenyi Biotec, AITbiotech, ESSEN, Sigma-Aldrich, Bel-Art, MilliporeSigma, Cellgenix, Sumitomo Bakelite, EMD Millipore, AffymetrixInc, VWR International, LLC, WHEATON IndustriesInc, and Sartorius AG. The regions covered in the 3D cell culture technologies market report are Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, South America, Middle East and Africa. The countries covered in the 3D cell culture technologies market report are Australia, Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, Russia, South Korea, UK, and USA. The global 3D cell culture technologies market is segmented - 1) By Type: Scaffold-Based, Scaffold-Free, 3D Bioreactors 2) By End Users: Research Laboratories and Institutes, Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Companies, Hospitals and Diagnostic Centers, Other End Users 3) By Scaffold-Based: Hydrogels, Polymeric Scaffolds, Micropatterned Surface Microplates 4) By Scaffold-Free: Hanging Drop Microplates, Spheroid Microplates, Microfluidic 3D Cell Culture, Magnetic Levitations and 3D Bioprinting 5) By Application: Cancer Research, Stem Cell Research, Drug Discovery, Regenerative Medicine

The gene editing market consists of sales of gene editing technology such as CRISPR/CAS9, zinc finger nucleus, and talens and related services. Gene editing technology allows genetic material to change genetic code at particular location in a genome. It involves cell line engineering, animal genetic engineering and plant genetic engineering. The main technology types of gene editing are CRISPR, TALEN, and ZFN. CRISPR is a novel technology that allows geneticists and medical researchers to edit parts of the genome by removing, inserting, or modifying DNA sequences. The various application includes biotechnology, pharmaceutical, and contract research organization that are used by animal genetic engineering, plant genetic engineering, and cell line engineering. The global gene editing market size is expected to grow from $5.41 billion in 2021 to $6.35 billion in 2022 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 17.2%. The growth in the gene editing market is mainly due to the companies resuming their operations and adapting to the new normal while recovering from the COVID-19 impact, which had earlier led to restrictive containment measures involving social distancing, remote working, and the closure of commercial activities that resulted in operational challenges. The gene editing market is expected to reach $12.04 billion in 2026 at a CAGR of 17.4%. The rising infectious diseases acts as one of the major drivers of the gene editing market. Gene editing techniques are used for detection of infectious diseases such as HIV. Infectious diseases are caused by microorganisms like bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. Gene therapy treats the infectious diseases by blocking the replication of the infectious agent that causes the disease at the extracellular level. Gene editing introduces new genetic material into the cells of living organisms with the intention of treating the diseases. Infectious diseases are constantly on the rise. For instance, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), infectious diseases kill more than 17 million people per year. In addition to that, according to the AP-NORC (a research initiative by the Associated Press and the University of Chicago) survey, out of 1,067 adults in the US surveyed, 71% are in favor of gene editing for the treatment of incurable, hereditary diseases such as Huntington’s disease and 67% of Americans support the use of gene editing to prevent diseases such as cancer. Ethical issues in general public with respect to gene editing is one of the major restraining factors for the gene editing market. Many researchers and ethicist have argued against gene editing due to different reasons such as off-target effect (edits in the wrong place), mosaicism (when only some of the cells carry the edits) and safety concerns. Some even argued that gene editing will lead to the creation of classes of individuals who will be genetically modified to be able to do things that a normal human being is not supposed to do according to the laws of nature. Due to these reasons, gene editing is still not considered to be safe and effective by many nations and international organizations. For instance, in 2019, as per the article published in TIME, scientists from Canada, China, France, Germany, Italy, New Zealand, and the USA have proposed a temporary prohibition on research on gene editing on human eggs, embryos, and sperms. Gene editing (also called genome editing) is a group of technologies that allow the researchers to change an organism's DNA by adding, removing or altering genetic material at particular locations in the genome. The emergence of advanced genome editing techniques is one of the major trends in the gene editing market. The new techniques in genome editing are relatively inexpensive and can be used in a variety of application areas such as improving the food supply in agriculture, rectifying specific genetic mutations in the human genome and preventing the spread of diseases. For instance, CRISPR-Cas9 is a gene editing technique and stands for Clustered Regularly Interspace Short Palindromic Repeats. The technique uses a strand of DNA as molecular scissors used to make cuts in DNA at specific points to make space to add new genomes. This technique is faster, cheaper, more accurate and efficient than other existing genome editing methods. Companies investing in CRISPR technology are Crispr therapeutics (CRSP), Intellia Therapeutics (NTLA), and Editas medicine. European regulatory framework divided gene therapy into two categories, germline gene therapy, and somatic gene therapy. In germ line gene therapy, modified genes will be passed on to next generations whereas it’s not the same case with somatic gene therapy. Current regulation by the EU has only allowed somatic gene therapy, therefore, germline gene therapy is banned. The European Medical Association provides guidelines on gene therapy for preparing market authorization application to obtain approval from the authority to carry on research and development activities in gene therapy. For instance, the EU provides guidance note on gene therapy medicinal product which is intended for use in humans, defines scientific principles and provide guidance for development and evaluation of gene therapy products. In December 2020, AnGes MG, Inc., a Japan based biopharmaceutical company that offers nucleic acid drugs for patients with asthma, allergy, and rheumatism acquired Emendo Bio, Inc for $250M. This acquisition will expand AnGes MG, Inc. pipeline and partnerships and introduce gene editing capabilities. Emendo Bio, Inc, a USA based company that develops next generation gene editing tools for genetic disorders, addressing the current technological gaps for realizing the promise of gene therapy. Major players in the gene editing market are CRISPR, GenScript USA Inc, Horizon Discovery Group plc, Integrated DNA Technologies, New England Biolabs, OriGene Technologies, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Merck KgaA, GenScript Corporation, Editas Medicine, Lonza Group, Sangamo, DNA 2.0, Bio RAD, Allele, Addgene, Sigma-Aldrich Corporation, Transposagen Biopharmaceuticals, Recombinetics, Precision Biosciences, Promega, Juno Therapeutics, Intellia Therapeutics, Qiagen, GE Healthcare Lonza, Cellectis, Dharmacon, AstraZeneca, and Agilent Technologies. The regions covered in the gene editing market report are Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, South America, Middle East and Africa. The countries covered in the gene editing market report are Australia, Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, Russia, South Korea, UK, and USA. The global gene editing market is segmented - 1) By Technology: CRISPR, TALEN, ZFN 2) By End User: Biotechnology, Pharmaceutical, Contract Research Organization 3) By Application: Animal Genetic Engineering, Plant Genetic Engineering, Cell Line Engineering The gene editing market consists of sales of gene editing technology such as CRISPR/CAS9, zinc finger nucleus, and talens and related services. Gene editing technology allows genetic material to change genetic code at particular location in a genome. It involves cell line engineering, animal genetic engineering and plant genetic engineering. The main technology types of gene editing are CRISPR, TALEN, and ZFN. CRISPR is a novel technology that allows geneticists and medical researchers to edit parts of the genome by removing, inserting, or modifying DNA sequences. The various application includes biotechnology, pharmaceutical, and contract research organization that are used by animal genetic engineering, plant genetic engineering, and cell line engineering. The global gene editing market size is expected to grow from $5.41 billion in 2021 to $6.35 billion in 2022 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 17.2%. The growth in the gene editing market is mainly due to the companies resuming their operations and adapting to the new normal while recovering from the COVID-19 impact, which had earlier led to restrictive containment measures involving social distancing, remote working, and the closure of commercial activities that resulted in operational challenges. The gene editing market is expected to reach $12.04 billion in 2026 at a CAGR of 17.4%. The rising infectious diseases acts as one of the major drivers of the gene editing market. Gene editing techniques are used for detection of infectious diseases such as HIV. Infectious diseases are caused by microorganisms like bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. Gene therapy treats the infectious diseases by blocking the replication of the infectious agent that causes the disease at the extracellular level. Gene editing introduces new genetic material into the cells of living organisms with the intention of treating the diseases. Infectious diseases are constantly on the rise. For instance, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), infectious diseases kill more than 17 million people per year. In addition to that, according to the AP-NORC (a research initiative by the Associated Press and the University of Chicago) survey, out of 1,067 adults in the US surveyed, 71% are in favor of gene editing for the treatment of incurable, hereditary diseases such as Huntington’s disease and 67% of Americans support the use of gene editing to prevent diseases such as cancer. Ethical issues in general public with respect to gene editing is one of the major restraining factors for the gene editing market. Many researchers and ethicist have argued against gene editing due to different reasons such as off-target effect (edits in the wrong place), mosaicism (when only some of the cells carry the edits) and safety concerns. Some even argued that gene editing will lead to the creation of classes of individuals who will be genetically modified to be able to do things that a normal human being is not supposed to do according to the laws of nature. Due to these reasons, gene editing is still not considered to be safe and effective by many nations and international organizations. For instance, in 2019, as per the article published in TIME, scientists from Canada, China, France, Germany, Italy, New Zealand, and the USA have proposed a temporary prohibition on research on gene editing on human eggs, embryos, and sperms. Gene editing (also called genome editing) is a group of technologies that allow the researchers to change an organism's DNA by adding, removing or altering genetic material at particular locations in the genome. The emergence of advanced genome editing techniques is one of the major trends in the gene editing market. The new techniques in genome editing are relatively inexpensive and can be used in a variety of application areas such as improving the food supply in agriculture, rectifying specific genetic mutations in the human genome and preventing the spread of diseases. For instance, CRISPR-Cas9 is a gene editing technique and stands for Clustered Regularly Interspace Short Palindromic Repeats. The technique uses a strand of DNA as molecular scissors used to make cuts in DNA at specific points to make space to add new genomes. This technique is faster, cheaper, more accurate and efficient than other existing genome editing methods. Companies investing in CRISPR technology are Crispr therapeutics (CRSP), Intellia Therapeutics (NTLA), and Editas medicine. European regulatory framework divided gene therapy into two categories, germline gene therapy, and somatic gene therapy. In germ line gene therapy, modified genes will be passed on to next generations whereas it’s not the same case with somatic gene therapy. Current regulation by the EU has only allowed somatic gene therapy, therefore, germline gene therapy is banned. The European Medical Association provides guidelines on gene therapy for preparing market authorization application to obtain approval from the authority to carry on research and development activities in gene therapy. For instance, the EU provides guidance note on gene therapy medicinal product which is intended for use in humans, defines scientific principles and provide guidance for development and evaluation of gene therapy products. In December 2020, AnGes MG, Inc., a Japan based biopharmaceutical company that offers nucleic acid drugs for patients with asthma, allergy, and rheumatism acquired Emendo Bio, Inc for $250M. This acquisition will expand AnGes MG, Inc. pipeline and partnerships and introduce gene editing capabilities. Emendo Bio, Inc, a USA based company that develops next generation gene editing tools for genetic disorders, addressing the current technological gaps for realizing the promise of gene therapy. Major players in the gene editing market are CRISPR, GenScript USA Inc, Horizon Discovery Group plc, Integrated DNA Technologies, New England Biolabs, OriGene Technologies, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Merck KgaA, GenScript Corporation, Editas Medicine, Lonza Group, Sangamo, DNA 2.0, Bio RAD, Allele, Addgene, Sigma-Aldrich Corporation, Transposagen Biopharmaceuticals, Recombinetics, Precision Biosciences, Promega, Juno Therapeutics, Intellia Therapeutics, Qiagen, GE Healthcare Lonza, Cellectis, Dharmacon, AstraZeneca, and Agilent Technologies. The regions covered in the gene editing market report are Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, South America, Middle East and Africa. The countries covered in the gene editing market report are Australia, Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, Russia, South Korea, UK, and USA. The global gene editing market is segmented - 1) By Technology: CRISPR, TALEN, ZFN 2) By End User: Biotechnology, Pharmaceutical, Contract Research Organization 3) By Application: Animal Genetic Engineering, Plant Genetic Engineering, Cell Line Engineering The gene editing market consists of sales of gene editing technology such as CRISPR/CAS9, zinc finger nucleus, and talens and related services. Gene editing technology allows genetic material to change genetic code at particular location in a genome. It involves cell line engineering, animal genetic engineering and plant genetic engineering. The main technology types of gene editing are CRISPR, TALEN, and ZFN. CRISPR is a novel technology that allows geneticists and medical researchers to edit parts of the genome by removing, inserting, or modifying DNA sequences. The various application includes biotechnology, pharmaceutical, and contract research organization that are used by animal genetic engineering, plant genetic engineering, and cell line engineering. The global gene editing market size is expected to grow from $5.41 billion in 2021 to $6.35 billion in 2022 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 17.2%. The growth in the gene editing market is mainly due to the companies resuming their operations and adapting to the new normal while recovering from the COVID-19 impact, which had earlier led to restrictive containment measures involving social distancing, remote working, and the closure of commercial activities that resulted in operational challenges. The gene editing market is expected to reach $12.04 billion in 2026 at a CAGR of 17.4%. The rising infectious diseases acts as one of the major drivers of the gene editing market. Gene editing techniques are used for detection of infectious diseases such as HIV. Infectious diseases are caused by microorganisms like bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. Gene therapy treats the infectious diseases by blocking the replication of the infectious agent that causes the disease at the extracellular level. Gene editing introduces new genetic material into the cells of living organisms with the intention of treating the diseases. Infectious diseases are constantly on the rise. For instance, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), infectious diseases kill more than 17 million people per year. In addition to that, according to the AP-NORC (a research initiative by the Associated Press and the University of Chicago) survey, out of 1,067 adults in the US surveyed, 71% are in favor of gene editing for the treatment of incurable, hereditary diseases such as Huntington’s disease and 67% of Americans support the use of gene editing to prevent diseases such as cancer. Ethical issues in general public with respect to gene editing is one of the major restraining factors for the gene editing market. Many researchers and ethicist have argued against gene editing due to different reasons such as off-target effect (edits in the wrong place), mosaicism (when only some of the cells carry the edits) and safety concerns. Some even argued that gene editing will lead to the creation of classes of individuals who will be genetically modified to be able to do things that a normal human being is not supposed to do according to the laws of nature. Due to these reasons, gene editing is still not considered to be safe and effective by many nations and international organizations. For instance, in 2019, as per the article published in TIME, scientists from Canada, China, France, Germany, Italy, New Zealand, and the USA have proposed a temporary prohibition on research on gene editing on human eggs, embryos, and sperms. Gene editing (also called genome editing) is a group of technologies that allow the researchers to change an organism's DNA by adding, removing or altering genetic material at particular locations in the genome. The emergence of advanced genome editing techniques is one of the major trends in the gene editing market. The new techniques in genome editing are relatively inexpensive and can be used in a variety of application areas such as improving the food supply in agriculture, rectifying specific genetic mutations in the human genome and preventing the spread of diseases. For instance, CRISPR-Cas9 is a gene editing technique and stands for Clustered Regularly Interspace Short Palindromic Repeats. The technique uses a strand of DNA as molecular scissors used to make cuts in DNA at specific points to make space to add new genomes. This technique is faster, cheaper, more accurate and efficient than other existing genome editing methods. Companies investing in CRISPR technology are Crispr therapeutics (CRSP), Intellia Therapeutics (NTLA), and Editas medicine. European regulatory framework divided gene therapy into two categories, germline gene therapy, and somatic gene therapy. In germ line gene therapy, modified genes will be passed on to next generations whereas it’s not the same case with somatic gene therapy. Current regulation by the EU has only allowed somatic gene therapy, therefore, germline gene therapy is banned. The European Medical Association provides guidelines on gene therapy for preparing market authorization application to obtain approval from the authority to carry on research and development activities in gene therapy. For instance, the EU provides guidance note on gene therapy medicinal product which is intended for use in humans, defines scientific principles and provide guidance for development and evaluation of gene therapy products. In December 2020, AnGes MG, Inc., a Japan based biopharmaceutical company that offers nucleic acid drugs for patients with asthma, allergy, and rheumatism acquired Emendo Bio, Inc for $250M. This acquisition will expand AnGes MG, Inc. pipeline and partnerships and introduce gene editing capabilities. Emendo Bio, Inc, a USA based company that develops next generation gene editing tools for genetic disorders, addressing the current technological gaps for realizing the promise of gene therapy. Major players in the gene editing market are CRISPR, GenScript USA Inc, Horizon Discovery Group plc, Integrated DNA Technologies, New England Biolabs, OriGene Technologies, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Merck KgaA, GenScript Corporation, Editas Medicine, Lonza Group, Sangamo, DNA 2.0, Bio RAD, Allele, Addgene, Sigma-Aldrich Corporation, Transposagen Biopharmaceuticals, Recombinetics, Precision Biosciences, Promega, Juno Therapeutics, Intellia Therapeutics, Qiagen, GE Healthcare Lonza, Cellectis, Dharmacon, AstraZeneca, and Agilent Technologies. The regions covered in the gene editing market report are Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, South America, Middle East and Africa. The countries covered in the gene editing market report are Australia, Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, Russia, South Korea, UK, and USA. The global gene editing market is segmented - 1) By Technology: CRISPR, TALEN, ZFN 2) By End User: Biotechnology, Pharmaceutical, Contract Research Organization 3) By Application: Animal Genetic Engineering, Plant Genetic Engineering, Cell Line Engineering

The biophotonics market consists of revenues generated from the sales of biophotonic instruments combining optics, nanotechnology, photonics, and biotechnology. Biophotonics is the combination of photonics and biology and is a multidisciplinary research field embracing all light-based technologies applied to life sciences and medicine. It refers to the use of photonic or optical means to examine, control, and track biological processes at various levels of biology: cellular, tissue, molecular, and organism level. The main product technologies in biophotonics are in-vitro and in-vivo. In vitro studies examine microorganisms, cells, and biological molecules outside of their natural biological framework. These studies in biology and its subdisciplines are generally done in labware such as test tubes, flasks, Petri dishes, and microtiter plates, and are referred to as test-tube investigations. The different applications include see-through imaging, inside imaging, spectromolecular, surface imaging, microscopy, light therapy, biosensors, others and are used by various sectors such as diagnostics, therapeutic, tests, others. The global biophotonics market size is expected to grow from $60.45 billion in 2021 to $67.04 billion in 2022 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 10.9%. The growth in the market is mainly due to the companies resuming their operations and adapting to the new normal while recovering from the COVID-19 impact, which had earlier led to restrictive containment measures involving social distancing, remote working, and the closure of commercial activities that resulted in operational challenges. The biophotonics market is expected to reach $101.57 billion in 2026 at a CAGR of 10.9%. The increasing demand for minimally invasive surgeries is contributing to the growth of the biophotonics market. Optical engineering and imaging technologies are playing a vital role in the evolving field of minimally invasive surgeries by enabling to visualize the manipulation of tissue at remote internal sites. According to the plastic surgery statistics report 2019, the minimally invasive cosmetic procedures reached 16.3 million in 2019, an increase of 2% over the previous year. Therefore, the surge in the number of minimally invasive surgeries annually worldwide is generating higher revenues for the biophotonics market. High prices of biophotonic-based devices or instruments are anticipated to limit the growth of the biophotonics market. The price of biophotonics is comparatively higher than that of conventional instruments. They are considered as more complex attributing to the integration of biological units and the generation, manipulation, and detection of light units, thereby rising their price. This will negatively impact the biophotonics market growth. The launch of new advanced techniques in the field of biotechnology is a major trend shaping the biophotonics market. For instance, a team of scientists at the University of St. Andrews (Scotland) developed a fluorescence microscopy technique that allows imaging of delicate biological samples with low damage in neuroscience and biomedicine. This low damage optical technique is projected to transform the world of biomedicine during the forthcoming years. Hence, the development of new and advanced techniques is gaining significant popularity in the biophotonics market. In April 2021, CellaVision, a Sweden based company that offers digital Morphology Solutions acquired exclusive rights to a patent portfolio on Fourier Ptychographic Microscopy from Clearbridge BioPhotonics for $3.28 million (SEK 28.7 million). Through this acquisition CellaVision will have access to and control over a promising future technology. CellaVision believes that the Fourier Ptychography Microscopy technology has the capability to be employed in the development of future automated microscopes for use in haematology and related fields. Clearbridge Biophotonics, Inc. is a US-based imaging solutions company. Major players in the biophotonics market are Thermo Fisher Scientific, OPGEN, NU Skin Enterprises, IPG Photonics Corp., Idex Corp, Toshiba, Procter & Gamble, Horiba and Precision Photonics Corp. The regions covered in the biophotonics market report are Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, South America, Middle East and Africa. The countries covered in the biophotonics market report are Australia, Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, Russia, South Korea, UK, USA. The global biophotonics market is segmented - 1) By Product Technology: In-Vitro, In-Vivo 2) By Application: See-Through Imaging, Inside Imaging, Spectromolecular, Surface Imaging, Microscopy, Light Therapy, Biosensors, Others 3) By End Use: Diagnostics, Therapeutic, Tests, Others

The oligonucleotide therapy market consists of sales of oligonucleotide therapy related services by entities (organizations, sole traders and partnerships) that manufacture oligonucleotide therapy products. Oligonucleotide therapy uses synthetic oligonucleotides, which can be artificially produced in labs, to inactivate disease-causing genes. Only goods and services traded between entities or sold to end consumers are included. The main types of oligonucleotide therapy are antisense oligonucleotide, aptamer and other. Synthetic DNA oligomers called antisense oligonucleotides (AS ONs) hybridise to a target RNA in a sequence-specific method. They’ve been used to successfully limit gene expression, modify precursor messenger RNA splicing, and inactivate microRNAs. It is used in infectious diseases, oncology, neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular diseases, kidney diseases, others and is implemented in hospitals, research institutes. The global oligonucleotide therapy market size is expected to grow from $0.98 billion in 2021 to $1.10 billion in 2022 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 12.2%. The growth in the market is mainly due to the companies resuming their operations and adapting to the new normal while recovering from the COVID-19 impact, which had earlier led to restrictive containment measures involving social distancing, remote working, and the closure of commercial activities that resulted in operational challenges. The oligonucleotide therapy market is expected to reach $1.86 billion in 2026 at a CAGR of 14.0%. The rise in the number of cancer cases across the globe is likely to contribute to the growth of the oligonucleotide therapy market during the forecast period. According to the American Cancer Society, there were 1.7 million new cases and 0.6 million cancer deaths in 2019 in the USA. The four most common types of cancer worldwide are lung, prostate, bowel, and female breast cancer, accounting for 43% of all the new cancer cases. Therefore, the rise in cancer incidence rate globally is anticipated to boost the demand for the oligonucleotide therapy market over the forthcoming years. During the forecast period, the oligonucleotide therapy market was restrained by the low number of drug approvals by the FDA. As of January 2020, the market only had 11 drugs approved for treatment, thus restraining the growth of the market. This can be attributed to the strict standards for manufacturing and high drug efficacy standards set by the regulatory bodies for approval of this therapy, thus increasing the time required for approval and limiting the growth of the market. The developers and providers of the oligonucleotide therapy market are investing in research and development to remodel the design of therapy to reduce its side effects on patients. The new and innovative oligonucleotides allow precision medicine approaches and can be designed to selectively target any gene with minimal side effects. It also helps in targeting patient-specific sequences that are causative of rare diseases. In August 2020, FDA granted accelerated approval to Viltepso (viltolarsen) injection, an antisense oligonucleotide for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), which is a genetic disorder, with reduced side effects. In February 2019, Novartis paid $150 million to Akcea-Ionis for licensing antisense oligonucleotides TQJ230. This deal will help Novartis to set up the test for RNA-targeting drug in phase 3 cardiovascular outcomes trails. Akcea is a biopharma company specializing in treating patients with cardio-metabolic diseases, whereas, Ionis, a US-based biotechnology company, specializes in discovering and developing RNA-targeted therapeutics. Major players in the oligonucleotide therapy market are Alnylam Pharmaceuticals Inc., Biogen Inc., Dynavax Technologies Corp., Ionis Pharmaceuticals Inc., Merck & Co. Inc., Miragen Therapeutics Inc., PCI Biotech Holdings ASA, Sarepta Therapeutics Inc., Jazz Pharmaceuticals and Bausch & Lomb. The regions covered in the oligonucleotide therapy market report are Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, South America, Middle East and Africa. The countries covered in the oligonucleotide therapy market report are Australia, Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, Russia, South Korea, UK, USA. The global oligonucleotide therapy market is segmented - 1) By Type: Antisense Oligonucleotide, Aptamer, Other 2) By Application: Infectious Diseases, Oncology, Neurodegenerative Disorders, Cardiovascular Diseases, Kidney Diseases, Others 3) By End-User: Hospitals, Research Institutes

The cell and gene therapy market consist of sales of cell and gene therapies by entities (organizations, sole traders and partnerships) that develop cell and gene therapies. Cell therapy refers to the transfer of intact, live cells that are originated from autologous or allogenic sources and gene therapy refers to the introduction, removal, or change in the genome for treating diseases. The market consists of revenue generated by the companies developing cell and gene therapy products by the sales of these products. The main types of products in cell and gene therapy are cell therapy and gene therapy. Gene therapy is a branch of medicine that focuses on modifying the genetic material of cells to achieve a therapeutic effect or to heal disease by repairing or reconstructing damaged genetic material. The different applications include oncology, dermatology, musculoskeletal, others and involves various sectors such as hospitals, ambulatory surgical centers, cancer care centers, wound care centers, others. The global cell and gene therapy market size is expected to grow from $6.58 billion in 2021 to $8.57 billion in 2022 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 30.2%. The growth in the market is mainly due to the companies resuming their operations and adapting to the new normal while recovering from the COVID-19 impact, which had earlier led to restrictive containment measures involving social distancing, remote working, and the closure of commercial activities that resulted in operational challenges. The gene and cell therapy market is expected to reach $21.33 billion in 2026 at a CAGR of 25.6%. Steady investment and consolidation in cell and gene therapies contributed to the growth of the cell and gene therapy (CGT) market. After recognizing the potential of the CGT market, 16 out of the 20 largest biopharma companies by revenue, added CGT products to their portfolio. For instance, Merck invested $109 million in viral vector and gene therapy manufacturing in April 2020. Moreover, 12% of industrial clinical pipeline products and at least 16% of preclinical pipeline products consist of CGT. Steady investment and consolidation in CGT production capacity led to an increase in production capacity and also contributed to the growth of the market. Limited reimbursements preventing patients from receiving treatments are expected to limit the growth of cell and gene therapy (CGT market. In 2019, Trinity Life Sciences, a life sciences solution provider, researched national and large regional commercial health insurance plans in the US. It found that the confluence of increasing price, patient volume and number of CGTs on the market is likely to change the reimbursement model for CGTs and impact payer budgets by 5-10%. Payers realize that financing needs to be generated for cost management due to the uncertainty surrounding reimbursement of ancillary costs. Limited reimbursements and uncertain insurance plans are preventing patients from receiving high-cost CGT, which is expected to limit market growth. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is shaping the cell and gene therapy (CGT) market. CAR T-cell therapy is a combination of cell and gene therapy in which T cells are collected from the patient’s blood and are genetically engineered to produce modified receptors at their surface, known as chimeric antigen receptors. These modified T cells with special structures (receptors) are reinfused into the patient. Then, the modified receptors of T cell help in targeting the surface antigen of the cancer cell that ultimately results in the killing of tumor cells in patients. In 2020, the US-FDA approved Bristol-Myers Squibb's two CAR-T cell therapies to treat lymphoma and multiple myeloma and is set to be launched. Currently, FDA approved CAR-T cell therapy treatments like Tisagenlecleucel for the treatment of B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in children and Axicabtagene ciloleucel for the treatment of adult patients with relapsed or refractory large B-cell lymphoma. In December 2019, Roche, a Swiss multinational healthcare company, acquired Spark Therapeutics for $4.3 billion. The acquisition supports the commitment of Roche to bring transformational therapies and innovative approaches to people with serious illnesses. Spark Therapeutics will continue to work within the Roche Group as an independent company. Spark Therapeutics, headquartered in Philadelphia, is a fully integrated commercial company involved in the discovery, production, and distribution of gene therapies for genetic disorders including blindness, hemophilia, lysosomal storage, and neurodegenerative diseases. Major players in the cell and gene therapy market are Gilead Sciences, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Novartis AG, Amgen, Merck, Organogenesis Holdings, Dendreon, Vericel, Bluebird Bio, and Fibrocell Science. The regions covered in the cell and gene therapy market report are Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, South America, Middle East and Africa. The countries covered in the cell and gene therapy market report are Australia, Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, Russia, South Korea, UK, USA. The global cell and gene therapy market is segmented - 1) By Product: Cell Therapy, Gene Therapy 2) By Application: Oncology, Dermatology, Musculoskeletal, Others 3) By End-User: Hospitals, Ambulatory Surgical Centers, Cancer Care Centers, Wound Care Centers, Others