Global Cannabis Products Market

The community oncology services market consists of sales of community oncology services by entities (organizations, sole traders and partnerships) of health practitioners who practice community oncology as a private physician-owned business not part of a hospital or academic or medical teaching institution. The community oncology practice may be only a single oncologist, with one office and a support staff of physician extenders, nurses, pharmacists, or pharmacy technicians and other staff. Only goods and services traded between entities or sold to end consumers are included. The global community oncology services market is expected to decline from $77.4 billion in 2019 to $70.98 billion in 2020 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of -8.29%. The decline is mainly due to the acquisitions of private healthcare institutions and changes in patients preference to choose other healthcare providers due to ease of insurance claim processes. The market is further expected to decline to $70.38 billion in 2023 at a CAGR of -0.29%. The lower-cost care in community oncology centers is anticipated to boost the demand for the community oncology service market. The cancer care services are considered to be cost-effective in community oncology centers as compared to hospitals. According to the Community Oncology Alliance’s report published in October 2018, the cost of cancer care per patient per month for various tumors in community-based clinics (CCs) was approximately $12,000 whereas the cost of cancer care in hospital-based oncology clinics (HCs) was about $20,000. Furthermore, the cost per patient per month for treatment of chemotherapy in a community setting was nearly $5,000 compared to around $8,500 in hospital-based clinics. Hence, the low cost of community oncology settings or community oncology centers is expected to drive the demand for the community oncology services market over the forecast years. Coronavirus outbreak is likely to act as a major restraint for the growth of the community oncology services market during the forecast period. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the COVID-19 outbreak as pandemic on March 11, 2020. Coronavirus has created a significant risk of mortality for cancer patients worldwide. COVID-19 is predicted to have a long-term impact on oncology practices. According to a survey conducted by the Medical Group Management Association in April 2020, the healthcare practices recorded a decline of 55% in the revenue and a 60% decline in the patient volume since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, according to a survey of 51 USA oncologists conducted by MJH Life Sciences during May 2020, 73% of the oncologist limited their surgeries to urgent cases, 53% modified dosing regimens to reduce in-patient visits, and 71% had canceled routine office visits of the patients. Therefore, the coronavirus outbreak has caused a rapid decline in overall oncology in-person services, subsequently impacting the community oncology services market. Major companies are undergoing various acquisition and research collaboration in the community oncology services market to expand their services and offerings, which is gaining significant popularity over the recent years. According to a report published by Community Oncology Alliance in April 2020, the rate of community oncology practices acquired by hospitals increased by 9.7% during 2018 and 2020. For instance, in August 2020, The Community Cancer Center, a US-based clinic engaged in providing community-based cancer care, was acquired by Carle Health. Carle Health is a US-based hospital and healthcare company with more than 9,500 employees in its five hospitals and associated healthcare business. In addition to this, in May 2019, Amgen Inc., a US-based biopharmaceutical company, announced the new research collaborations with community oncology networks. Amgen Inc., also launched Amgen Community Oncology Research Collaborators (ACORC), a new initiative to improve access to innovative oncology clinical research for community centers. In May 2019, Amgen announced its decision to collaborate with community oncology service providers such as US Oncology Research and TRIO-US to enhance access by community centers to innovative oncology clinical research. This collaboration is expected to allow Amgen to significantly expand its clinical research footprint to more than 200 patient care sites across the U.S. and help community centers reach more than 900,000 new patients each year with investigational medicines.

The IVF services market consists of sales of in-vitro fertilization (IVF) services by entities (organizations, sole traders and partnerships) that provide these services. IVF is one of the more widely known types of assisted reproductive technology used to address infertility. IVF is a process of fertilization where an egg is combined with sperm outside the body, in vitro ("in glass"). Only goods and services traded between entities or sold to end consumers are included. The global IVF services market is expected to grow from $12.92 billion in 2020 to $14.34 billion in 2021 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 11%. The growth is mainly due to the companies resuming their operations and adapting to the new normal while recovering from the COVID-19 impact, which had earlier led to restrictive containment measures involving social distancing, remote working, and the closure of commercial activities that resulted in operational challenges. The market is expected to reach $22.859 billion in 2025 at a CAGR of 12%. The rising infertility rate contributed to the growth of the in vitro fertilization (IVF) services market. Infertility is known as the inability to conceive within 12 months. The global fertility rates fell from 3.2 live births per woman in 1990 to 2.5 live births per woman in 2019. According to the US Department of Health and Human Services, around 12 to 13 couples in 100 have a problem in conceiving. Moreover, according to the Indian Journal of Community Medicine, 15 to 20 million infertility cases are in India alone. The rising infertility rate made people resort to IVF services contributing to the growth of the market. The high cost of IVF services limits the in-vitro fertilization (IVF) services market. For instance, the cost of a basic IVF package ranges from $4,700 to $20,000, and the average price in the USA is around $12,000. The total cost of a single IVF cycle can range between $8,000 to $30,000. According to FertilityIQ, in 2018, the cost of IVF services was around $22,000, which is now increasing. In emerging economies like India, the cost of IVF services ranges from INR 70,000 to INR 300,000. The high cost of IVF services makes it unavailable to low- and middle-income populations negatively affecting the IVF services market growth. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is the latest technique increasingly used for improving IVF success rate in patients with recurrent implantation failures. PRP is used alongside fertility treatments like IVF to improve the egg quality, uterine lining thickness and endometrial receptivity, and the treatment is primarily for the recurrent implantation failure over multiple IVF cycles. According to an article published by the Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics, women treated with PRP experienced a significant improvement in Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) and Antral Follicle Count (AFC) and help improve fertility. In June 2018, Virtus Health, an Australia-based Assisted Reproductive Services (ARS) provider, has acquired Trianglen Fertility Clinic, a Denmark-based fertility clinic for a deal amount of AUD43 million ($32.13 million). The acquisition is expected to reinforce the Virtus international growth strategy and the expansion of the Virtus model. Trianglen fertility clinic was established in 1993 in Copenhagen, Denmark, and in FY2017, Trianglen fertility clinic performed 1,292 cycles in egg retrieval and 366 frozen embryo transfers. The major players covered in the global IVF services market are Ambroise Par Group, amedes MVZ Köln GmbH, AMP Center St Roch, AVA Clinic Scanfert, Bangkok IVF center, Betamedics, Bloom Fertility and Healthcare, Bourn Hall Fertility Center, Biofertility Center, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital (Assisted Conception Unit), Cloudnine Fertility, CHA Fertility Center, Fertility Associates, Genea Oxford Fertility, Klinika Bocian, Morpheus IVF, Manipal Fertility, Southern California Reproductive Center, Monash IVF, ManorIVF, Fertility First, Shanghai Ji Ai Genetics & IVF Institute, Cologne GmbH, Center for Advanced Reproductive Medicine and Infertility, Cardone Reproductive Medicine and Infertility. The countries covered in the global IVF services market are Australia, Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, Russia, South Korea, UK, USA. The regions covered in the global IVF services market are Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, South America, Middle East, Africa. The global IVF services market is segmented - 1) By Cycle Type: Fresh IVF Cycles (Non-donor), Thawed IVF Cycles (Non-donor), Donor Egg IVF Cycles 2) By Service Provider: Fertility Clinics, Hospitals, Surgical Centers, Clinical Research Institutes 3) By End User: Fertility Clinics, Hospitals & Other Settings

The prenatal testing and newborn screening tests market consists of sales of prenatal testing and newborn screening tests services and related goods by entities (organizations, sole traders and partnerships) that provide prenatal testing and newborn screening tests, which help to determine various genetic and chromosomal diseases, to provide timely medical or surgical treatment of a condition before or after birth. Genetic diseases such as sickle cell, down’s syndrome, cystic fibrosis and muscular dystrophy are detected with the help of these tests. Only goods and services traded between entities or sold to end consumers are included. The global prenatal testing & newborn screening market is expected to grow from $4.178 billion in 2020 to $4.679 billion in 2021 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 12%. The growth is mainly due to the companies resuming their operations and adapting to the new normal while recovering from the COVID-19 impact, which had earlier led to restrictive containment measures involving social distancing, remote working, and the closure of commercial activities that resulted in operational challenges. The market is expected to reach $8.018 billion in 2025 at a CAGR of 14%. The high prevalence of genetic diseases in infants contributed to the growth of the prenatal testing and newborn screening market. According to the World Health Organization, genetic disease includes diseases such as Thalassemia, Sickle Cell Anaemia, Haemophilia, Cystic Fibrosis, Tay Sachs disease, Fragile X Syndrome, Huntington’s disease. The sickle cell anaemia is one of the genetic diseases that affects millions throughout the world, and the disease is particularly common among people whose ancestors are from Africa, America, Cuba, Central America, Saudi Arabia, India. According to a 2019 study, the disease occurs for 1 in every 500 African American births, and 1 in 12 African-American carry the sickle cell allele. The high prevalence of genetic diseases in infants boosted the demand for prenatal testing and newborn screening market. Growth of the prenatal testing and newborn screening market may be hampered by the relatively low healthcare access in most developing countries, compared to the developed nations. For instance, in India, there were only about 1.9 million hospital beds for 1.33 billion people, as of 2020. Low access to healthcare services and the lack of sufficient hospitals and healthcare professionals harmed market growth in many developing nations. Moreover, low disposable income in many countries further lowers the access to healthcare services, thus negatively hampering the growth of the prenatal testing and newborn screening market. The use of machine learning and artificial intelligence is gradually gaining popularity in the prenatal testing and newborn screening market. Artificial intelligence (AI) is the simulation of human intelligence in machines. Machine learning is a part of AI. Machine learning and AI help companies in the prenatal testing and newborn screening market to conduct a detailed analysis of all relevant data, provide insights about different diseases, and offer a more accurate evaluation of tissue samples. For instance, in December 2017, Eone-Diagnomics Genome Center (EDGC), a Korean genetic analysis company, announced its decision to apply machine learning-based artificial intelligence (AI) technology to its non-invasive prenatal test (NIPT) NICE®0. In 2019, AI specialist FDNA and PerkinElmer Genomics partnered to launch Face2Gene Labs for newborn testing. In March 2020, Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc announced its decision to acquire Qiagen for $11.5 billion. Thermo Fisher has a specialty diagnostics capability, that includes allergy, autoimmunity, transplant diagnostics, and oncology testing. The acquisition is expected to complement the Thermo Fisher’s genetic analysis and bioscience capabilities. Qiagen is a Germany-based genetic tester that was founded in 1984 and operates more than 35 offices in over 25 countries. The major players covered in the global prenatal testing & newborn screening market are PerkinElmer, Progenity, Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings (Sequenom), Natera, Invitae, Centogene, Cradle Genomics, Roche Diagnostics, Quest Diagnostics, Baebies, Progenity, Ravgen, Strand life sciences, Eurofins scientific. The countries covered in the global prenatal testing & newborn screening market are Australia, Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, Russia, South Korea, UK, USA. The regions covered in the global prenatal testing & newborn screening market are Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, South America, Middle East, Africa. The global prenatal testing & newborn screening market is segmented - 1) By Diagnostic Type: Non-Invasive, Invasive 2) By Technology: Screening Technology, Diagnostic Technology 3) By End User: Hospitals, Diagnostic Centers

The value based care payment market consists of sales of value based care payment services by entities (organizations, sole traders and partnerships) that provide value based care payment in which healthcare providers such as hospitals are paid based on patient's health outcome, quality, efficiency, cost, and patient experience. Only goods and services traded between entities or sold to end consumers are included. The global value based care payment market is expected to grow from $1.52 billion in 2020 to $2.273 billion in 2021 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 49.5%. The growth is mainly due to the companies resuming their operations and adapting to the new normal while recovering from the COVID-19 impact, which had earlier led to restrictive containment measures involving social distancing, remote working, and the closure of commercial activities that resulted in operational challenges. The market is expected to reach $4.029 billion in 2025 at a CAGR of 15%. Rapid development in value-based health care services is expected to contribute to the tremendous growth of the market. Healthcare cost curve and unnecessary health expenditure have been reduced to almost 5.6% on average due to value based healthcare services. According to UnitedHealth Group, a US-based health insurance company, in 2019, value based payments to healthcare providers have recorded a growth of more than 15% supporting incentives to practice supreme quality care while enhancing the effective use of health system resources. Furthermore, UnitedHealth predicted that $75 billion of its payments to medical care providers will be attached to value-based care relationships by the end of 2020. Likewise, the quantity of Accountable Care Organizations (ACO) is expanding, giving more protection inclusion. For example, according to a 2018 analysis in the Journal Health Affairs, there were more than 1,000 ACOs spread across the USA in 2017, which represented more than 1,400 contracts with commercial and government insurers covering more than 32 million Americans. Therefore, rapid expansion in value-based health care services is driving the market by increasing the effective usage of services provided to customers focusing on value-based care model rather than the fee-for-service model. The lack of health care infrastructure is expected to limit the growth of value based care payment market. The main reason for this dearth is the lack of willingness of organizations to take the technological risk. For instance, according to a survey, a large portion of the organizations are yet to embrace artificial intelligence (AI) to accelerate value-based care. About 43% of healthcare organizations are uncertain about actualizing AI and another 21% are not prepared for any AI-related innovation. Moreover, only 13% are prepared for AI and have an execution plan set up attributing to the lack of trained staff with knowledge of data analytics. In addition to this, according to a survey of 2,900 medicinal executives through the span of a year, many healthcare facilities lack the infrastructure to integrate patient data effectively, which implies that value-based care payment cannot be used in these organizations. These factors are expected to impact healthcare infrastructure by limiting the growth of value based care payment market. Partnerships in value based care are gaining popularity among the providers as these partnerships allow partners such as manufacturers, payers, and provider organizations to co-develop programs, solutions, and initiatives collaboratively for the benefit of patients and healthcare systems. Value-based partnerships assist with conveying the highest value incentive to the healthcare system and society by concentrating on improving patient results with regards to the system and societal total costs. For instance, in March 2018, UnitedHealth Group’s health business services arm Optum announced a partnership with HealthBI, a workflow platform for health management and value based care initiatives, aiming at creating an industry-changing operation model for the provider to practice and improve value based care. In August 2019, Signify Health, a US-based technology company that supports in-home care and provides care management services announced its plan to merge with Remedy Partners. The merger helps the two companies to bring together technology, data, and network assets, including 9,000 credentialed providers and a combined nationwide partner network of over 300 provider systems, 2,000 post-acute organizations, and over 200 community locations. Remedy Partners is a US-based software company that collaborates with healthcare organizations to launch bundled payment programs. The major players covered in the global value based care payment market are Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Nextstep Solutions, Athena Health, NXGN Management, LLC., McKesson Corporation. The countries covered in the global value based care payment market are Australia, Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, Russia, South Korea, UK, USA. The regions covered in the global value based care payment market are Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, South America, Middle East, Africa. The global value based care payment market is segmented - 1) By Models: Accountable Care Organization (ACO), Bundled Payments, Patient-Centered Medical Home (PCMH), Pay for Performance (P4P) 2) By Deployment: Cloud Based, On-Premise 3) By End User: Providers, Payer

The medical billing outsourcing market consists of sales of medical billing outsourcing services by entities (organizations, sole traders and partnerships) that provide medical billing outsourcing services in which a healthcare provider hires a medical billing service provider outside their practice to do all the billing works. Only goods and services traded between entities or sold to end consumers are included. The global medical billing outsourcing market is expected to grow from $8.415 billion in 2020 to $9.528 billion in 2021 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 13.2%. The growth is mainly due to the companies resuming their operations and adapting to the new normal while recovering from the COVID-19 impact, which had earlier led to restrictive containment measures involving social distancing, remote working, and the closure of commercial activities that resulted in operational challenges. The market is expected to reach $16.939 billion in 2025 at a CAGR of 15%. The rising need for error minimization contributed to the growth of the medical billing outsourcing market. It is estimated that, in the US, 80% of medical bills contain errors. For instance, Equifax, a credit agency firm, found in its audit that the hospital bills ranging above $10,000 have an average error amount of $1,300. It is also estimated that doctors lose around $125 billion each year due to poor billing practices in the USA. The rising need for error minimization and optimization of the billing process drove the medical billing outsourcing market. The variable cost charged in the medical billing services by the service provider is expected to limit the medical billing outsourcing market. According to the Medical Billing Service Review, there is a price for every service provided by medical billing service providers. The charge on the billing services is a percentage ranging between 3% to 10% per bill indicating more the number of patients, more the hospital or clinic should pay to the service providers. The variable cost in the medical billing services has a negative impact on the medical billing outsourcing market. The medical billing service providers are expanding their service through cloud-based medical billing software and Electronic Health Record (EHR) services. Cloud-based medical billing software provides more security with the patient details compared to the alternatives and companies are launching cloud-based software to provide enhanced security to their clients. For instance, in 2018, eClinicalWorks, a medical billing service provider, launched the cloud-based platform for revenue cycle. In June 2020, R1 RCM, a Chicago-based healthcare revenue management cycle company serving hospitals and physician groups, agreed to acquire Cerner RevWorks for a deal amount of $30 million. The acquisition is expected to extend the comprehensive revenue cycle capabilities of R1 and help drive sustainable financial improvements for healthcare providers and to enhance their patients’ overall experience. The major players covered in the global medical billing outsourcing market are Experian Information Solutions, Cerner, Kareo, GE Healthcare, Genpact, Quest Diagnostics, McKesson, EClinicalWorks, The SSI Group, HCL, Allscripts, R1 RCM, Accretive Health. The countries covered in the global medical billing outsourcing market are Australia, Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, Russia, South Korea, UK, USA. The regions covered in the global medical billing outsourcing market are Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, South America, Middle East, Africa. The global medical billing outsourcing market is segmented - 1) By Service: Front End, Back End 2) By End User: Hospitals, Physician Offices 3) By Component: In-house, Outsourced

The robotic surgery services market consists of the sale of services provided robotic surgical technology, the highly advanced technological form of non-invasive surgery that utilizes robots and computer systems to conduct surgeries with lesser incision and more precision. The commonly used robotic surgical system consists of a mechanical arm and camera arm attached to surgical instruments with a controlled by a surgeon being seated at a computer console which is usually in the same room as the surgical table, or can be around the world. The global robotic surgery services market is expected grow from $0.57 billion in 2020 to $0.75 billion in 2021 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 31.6%. The growth is mainly due to the companies resuming their operations and adapting to the new normal while recovering from the COVID-19 impact, which had earlier led to restrictive containment measures involving social distancing, remote working, and the closure of commercial activities that resulted in operational challenges. The market is expected to reach $1.49 billion in 2025 at a CAGR of 19%. The robotic surgery services market covered in this report is segmented by application into general surgery; urological surgery; gynaecological surgery; orthopaedic surgery; neurosurgery; other applications and by end-users: hospitals; ambulatory surgery centres (ASCS). Increase in purchasing power of hospitals and ambulatory care services has helped in the growth of the robotic surgery service market. Hospitals and ambulatory care services are interested in buying latest technologies to provide advanced care to the patients as well as to achieve an edge over their competitors. According to the fourth quarter financial results 2019 of intuitive Surgical, the robotic surgical giant, the company has shipped around 336 DA Vinci systems during the quarter when compared to 290 during the fourth quarter of 2018. It has almost 5,582 DA Vinci systems installed, with a 12% year-over-year increase. According to the 2019 Annual Report of Intuitive Surgical, Inc., the number of DA Vinci procedures worldwide has risen by approximately 18%. The need for more minimally invasive surgery by growing geriatric population coupled with the prevalence of chronic disease such as diabetes, HIV/AIDS, asthma, arthritis, and other diseases has increased the demand for robotic surgery services. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) report, there will be a 57 % increase in chronic illness. Therefore, the purchasing power of hospital and ambulatory care services coupled with the increase in the geriatric population and prevalence of chronic illness have contributed to the growth of robotic surgery services market. Safety concerns regarding the use of robotic surgery services are likely to cause a hindrance to the robotic surgery services market. The FDA Safety communication raised a concern in February 2019 about using robotic surgery for mastectomy procedures or for the prevention or treatment of cancer as the effectiveness and safety of these devices is not established. According to the survey of New England Journal of Medicine, the survival rate of patients having minimally invasive surgery compared to patients having open surgery is lower. Over the past two decades more than 8,061 device malfunctions, 1,391 injuries, and 144 deaths occurred in robotic surgery service. Due to such concerns more products have been recalled from the market. On September 2019 Zimmer Biomet has recalled its ROSA brain 3.0 robotic surgery system because of a software problem which can drive the robotic arm to an incorrect position which can risk patient's life. This was identified as a class 1 recall which is the most serious kind of classification by the FDA. These safety concerns lead to more stringent regulations by the regulatory agencies like the FDA, which would in turn increase the cost and time period for the research and development activities. Therefore, the safety issues pertaining to robotic surgeries leading to product recalls is expected to hinder the growth of the robotic surgery services market. Image guide navigation system combined with the robotic surgery system offers more possibility to visualize and perform the minimally invasive surgery in areas which were earlier difficult, especially the orthopaedic surgeries and neurosurgeries. The Mazor X Stealth system by Medtronic, and the NuVasive's Pulse and Excelsius GPS by Globus Medical, among others use image guided navigation system to perform spine surgeries, and orthopaedic implant surgeries such as total, partial knee and hip replacements as they provide the surgeon with 3D experience. The image-guided navigation reduces the radiation effects and patients do not require to take an X-Ray after the procedure. These factors state that the image guided navigation system is expected to be a trend in robotic surgery services. On October 2019, Corindus Vascular Robotics Inc., a leading developer of precision vascular robotics was acquired by Siemens Healthineers AG, a German conglomerate of medical technology offering wide range of products in the fields of diagnostic and therapeutic imaging, laboratory and point of care diagnostics, and molecular medicine, for an amount of USD 1.1 billion. The main aim of this acquisition is to optimize the procedures and to increase the clinical outcomes by collaborating each others' technologies, it also opens a new market for Siemens. The major players covered in the global robotic surgery services market are Intuitive Surgical Inc, Stryker Corporation, Medrobotics Corporation, Johnson & Johnson, Globus Medicals, NuVasive, Smith & Nephew plc, Titan Medical Inc, TransEnterix Inc, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Rutland Medical Center, Huntington Hospital, Washington Hospital Healthcare System, The Ottawa Hospital, Michael's Hospital, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Ipswich Hospital, Apollo Hospitals Enterprise Limited, HealthCare Global Enterprises Ltd. The countries covered in the global robotic surgery services market are Australia, Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, Russia, South Korea, UK, USA. The regions covered in the global robotic surgery services market are Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, South America, Middle East, Africa. The global robotic surgery services market is segmented - 1) By Application: General Surgery, Urological Surgery, Gynecological Surgery, Orthopedic Surgery, Neurosurgery, Other Applications 2) By End-User: Hospitals, Ambulatory Surgery Centers (ASCs)

The payer services market consists of sales of payer services by entities (organizations, sole traders and partnerships) that provide healthcare services that are outsourced by healthcare insurance providers/payers. These outsourcing solutions help the payers to streamline their business processes and deliver better services to their customers. Only goods and services traded between entities or sold to end consumers are included. The global payer services market is expected to grow from $93.905 billion in 2020 to $101.764 billion in 2021 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.4%. The growth is mainly due to the companies resuming their operations and adapting to the new normal while recovering from the COVID-19 impact, which had earlier led to restrictive containment measures involving social distancing, remote working, and the closure of commercial activities that resulted in operational challenges. The market is expected to reach $183.723 billion in 2025 at a CAGR of 16%. The increase in healthcare frauds is expected to drive the payer services market for tightening its security systems. Healthcare fraud includes malpractices such as individuals obtaining subsidized or fully-covered prescription pills that are actually unneeded and then selling them on the black market for a profit billing by practitioners for care that they never rendered, filing duplicate claims for the same service rendered, altering the dates and modifying medical records. The healthcare industry continues to suffer losses attributed to frauds and errors. For instance, according to the National Health Care Anti-Fraud Association, in the USA the loss from healthcare fraud was estimated to be $300 billion in 2018. Therefore, increasing healthcare fraud in the healthcare industry is propelling the demand for rigid security systems, thereby driving the growth of the payer services market. The rising incidences of data breaches and loss of confidentiality have always been a major challenge in the payer service industry. In recent years, the healthcare sector has always been at the forefront in cases of breaching privacy and the resulting loss of confidential data. The healthcare sector accounted for 45% of data breaches in 2019 costing the sector more than $17.76 billion. Moreover, in August 2019, Avenna Healthcare in Georgia detected a phishing attack on 166,077 patients in February and began notification of a potential breach. This was caused due to improper maintenance of information leading to vulnerable cyber-attack. Rising incidences of data breaches and loss of confidentiality are thus hampering the growth of the payer service market. Increased adoption of technologically advanced products is gaining substantial popularity in the payer services market. This has led to improved price transparency, affordable payer services, higher utilization of resources, increasing quality reach, and member satisfaction and loyalty towards the service provider. For instance, in July 2019, Blue Shield California (BSC), with the help of Gemini Health, has built up an online tool to remove out-of-pocket drug spending for individuals. The price transparency tool plots the cost data for accessible suppliers and medical clinics. The innovation recommends lower-cost choices like it coordinates the current drug with lower-cost, dose-equivalent options. In April 2020, Molina, a US-based company engaged in providing managed care in the field of medicare and medicaid programs, announced that it will purchase Magellan Complete Care (MCC), a managed healthcare organization, in a deal worth about $820 million. The acquisition is expected to expand Molina’s geographic footprint in its core businesses of managed medicaid. Magellan Complete Care (MCC) is a US-based company offering care management solutions. The major players covered in the global payer services market are United Health Group, Anthem, Concentrix Corporation, United Healthcare, Anthem Inc., Aetna, Inc., CIGNA Corp., HealthPartners, Blue Cross Blue Shield of Massachusetts, Group Health Cooperative. The countries covered in the global payer services market are Australia, Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, Russia, South Korea, UK, USA. The regions covered in the global payer services market are Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, South America, Middle East, Africa. The global payer services market is segmented - 1) By Outsourcing Services: Business Process Outsourcing Services, Knowledge Process Outsourcing Services, Information Technology Outsourcing Services 2) By Application: Revenue Cycle Management, Healthcare Reimbursement, Medical Billing Outsourcing, Others 3) By End-User: Public Payers, Private Payers

The fertility services market consists of sales of infertility treatment services and related products by entities (organizations, sole traders and partnerships) that provide infertility treatment services which are used in various applications to treat infertile patients. Fertility treatment is a medical procedure intended to increase the chances of conceiving a child. Only goods and services traded between entities or sold to end consumers are included The global fertility services market is expected to grow from $16.948 billion in 2020 to $18.475 billion in 2021 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 9%. The growth is mainly due to the companies resuming their operations and adapting to the new normal while recovering from the COVID-19 impact, which had earlier led to restrictive containment measures involving social distancing, remote working, and the closure of commercial activities that resulted in operational challenges. The market is expected to reach $28.236 billion in 2025 at a CAGR of 11%. Growing infertility rates are anticipated to boost the demand for fertility services during the forecast period. Various social and environment-related factors such as lifestyle changes including obesity, stress or depression, and high consumption of alcohol contribute to a surge in infertility rates, thereby generating the high requirement for fertility services. According to the Indian Journal of Community Medicine, as of 2019, around 15 to 20 million or 25% of the couples suffer from infertility annually, thus driving the demand for fertility services. The high cost of fertility services is expected to limit the growth of the fertility services market. The cost of in-vitro fertilization (IVF) primarily depends on infertility workup and varies from person to person. For instance, the average cost of one in-vitro fertilization (IVF) cycle is $12,000. The range of cost involved in one IVF cycle can be between $10,000 and $15,000, which excludes the cost of medication which may be as low as $1,500 or as high as $3,000 per cycle. The IVF cost is continuously rising attributing to modern diagnostic tests and various treatment methods such as hysteroscopy, IUI, and laparoscopy being used to facilitate and aid infertility treatment cost. Therefore, the high cost of fertility treatment is to act as a major challenge for the development of the fertility services market. Companies in the fertility services market have witnessed significant growth in the number of research collaborations as well as research funding approvals. Key companies operating in the market are projected to increase their R&D expenditure to introduce new advanced techniques and drugs used for fertility treatments. For instance, in June 2019, Thermo Fisher Scientific announced a research collaboration with Predictive Laboratories, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Predictive Technology Group, Inc., concentrating on studying the genetic factors causing infertility in women. The collaboration is expected to utilize Thermo Fisher Scientific's offerings for reproductive health including Ion ReproSeq PGS Assay, Applied Biosystems CarrierScan Assay, Ion AmpliSeq Exome RDY for whole-exome sequencing, and CytoScan Dx Assay. Furthermore, in March 2019, Olympus Corporation, a Japan-based company, announced a collaboration with the Jikei University School of Medicine to develop AI-assisted sperm selection, which aims to reduce the workload in intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). The research is expected to help embryologists to select good sperm. In July 2019, Monash IVF Group, an Australia-based IVF company, acquired Fertility Solutions, a Queensland-based provider of fertility services for $1.43 million (AUD 2.1 million). The company acquired certain assets, liabilities, and contracts of Fertility Solutions. The acquisition is expected to expand the geographical presence of Monash IVF Group with two clinics of Fertility Solutions located in Bundaberg and Sunshine Coast. Fertility Solutions was established in 2007 and is engaged in providing affordable and high-quality options for fertility services. The company operates as an assisted reproductive service (ARS) clinic with locations in Bundaberg and Buderim. The major players covered in the global fertility services market are Merck KGaA, Care Fertility, INVO Bioscience, Vitrolife, Monash IVF Group, Carolinas Fertility Institute, IntegraMed, Inc., New Hope Fertility Center, Apollo Hospitals Enterprise Ltd. The countries covered in the global fertility services market are Australia, Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, Russia, South Korea, UK, USA. The regions covered in the global fertility services market are Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, South America, Middle East, Africa. The global fertility services market is segmented - 1) By Procedure: Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART), In-Vitro Fertilization, Artificial Insemination 2) By Service: Fresh Non-Donor, Frozen Non-Donor, Egg and Embryo Banking, Fresh Donor, Frozen Donor 3) By Application: Male, Female