Global Cardiac Assist Devices And Equipment Market

Cardiovascular devices are used to monitor and control the irregular heartbeats and heart rhythm disorders. The main types in the cardiovascular devices market are cardiovascular surgery devices and equipment, cardiac rhythm management (CRM) devices and equipment, interventional cardiology devices and equipment, defibrillator devices and equipment, peripheral vascular devices and equipment, prosthetic heart valve devices and equipment, electrophysiology devices and equipment, and cardiac assist devices and equipment. Defibrillators are devices that restore the normal heartbeat by sending an electric pulse or shock to the heart. They are used to prevent or correct an arrhythmia, a heartbeat that is uneven or slow or fast. The type of expenditure is public, or private. The products used are instruments/equipment, and disposables. The various end-users are hospitals and clinics, diagnostic laboratories, and others. The cardiovascular devices market research report is one of a series of new reports from The Business Research Company that provides cardiovascular devices market statistics, including cardiovascular devices industry global market size, regional shares, competitors with a cardiovascular devices market share, detailed cardiovascular devices market segments, market trends and opportunities, and any further data you may need to thrive in the cardiovascular devices industry. This cardiovascular devices market research report delivers a complete perspective of everything you need, with an in-depth analysis of the current and future scenarios of the industry. The global cardiovascular devices market grew from $59.55 billion in 2022 to $64.39 billion in 2023 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.1%. The Russia-Ukraine war disrupted the chances of global economic recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic, at least in the short term. The war between these two countries has led to economic sanctions on multiple countries, a surge in commodity prices, and supply chain disruptions, causing inflation across goods and services and affecting many markets across the globe. The cardiovascular devices market is expected to grow to $83.35 billion in 2027 at a CAGR of 6.7%. Leadless pacemakers are being used for certain medical conditions such as slow heart rate (bradycardia), as they provide a less-invasive alternative to conventional pacemakers. A leadless pacemaker is a self-contained device that is inserted in the right ventricle of the heart without incisional access, leads, or a surgical pocket. Furthermore, the medical procedure for a leadless pacemaker can be performed in under 30 minutes, with few postprocedural restrictions. These devices are gaining popularity as they eliminate complications related to lead placement which includes cardiac perforation, pneumothorax, and lead dislodgement. Major companies manufacturing leadless pacemakers are Medtronic and Abbott. Major companies in the cardiovascular devices market include Medtronic Inc., Boston Scientific Corporation, Abbott Laboratories, Edwards Lifesciences, Cardinal Health, Inc., Johnson & Johnson, Terumo Corporation, Getinge Group, Teleflex Inc., and Becton Dickinson. North America was the largest region in the global cardiovascular devices market in 2022. Western Europe was the second largest region in the global cardiovascular devices market. Africa. was the smallest region in the global cardiovascular devices market. The regions covered in the cardiovascular devices market report are Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, South America, Middle East, and Africa. The countries covered in the cardiovascular devices market are Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, France, Germany, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nigeria, Norway, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Africa., South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Turkey, UAE, UK, USA, Venezuela, and Vietnam. The cardiovascular devices market consists of sales of biventricular devices, and implantable cardiac loop recorders that are used for monitoring and treatment of cardiovascular disorders. Values in this market are ‘factory gate’ values, that is the value of goods sold by the manufacturers or creators of the goods, whether to other entities (including downstream manufacturers, wholesalers, distributors and retailers) or directly to end customers. The value of goods in this market includes related services sold by the creators of the goods. The market value is defined as the revenues that enterprises gain from the sale of goods and/or services within the specified market and geography through sales, grants, or donations in terms of the currency (in USD, unless otherwise specified). The revenues for a specified geography are consumption values that are revenues generated by organizations in the specified geography within the market, irrespective of where they are produced. It does not include revenues from resales along the supply chain, either further along the supply chain or as part of other products. The global cardiovascular devices market is segmented - 1) By Type: Cardiovascular Surgery Devices And Equipment, Cardiac Rhythm Management (CRM) Devices And Equipment, Interventional Cardiology Devices And Equipment, Defibrillator Devices And Equipment, Peripheral Vascular Devices And Equipment, Prosthetic Heart Valve Devices And Equipment, Electrophysiology Devices And Equipment, Cardiac Assist Devices And Equipment 2) By End User: Hospitals And Clinics, Diagnostic Laboratories, Other End Users 3) By Type of Expenditure: Public, Private 4) By Product: Instruments/Equipment, Disposables

Cardiovascular monitoring and diagnostic devices and equipment are used for the diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. The main product types of cardiovascular monitoring and diagnostic devices and equipment are cardiopulmonary stress testing systems, ECG data management systems, ECG monitoring equipment, ECG stress testing systems, event monitoring systems, and Holter monitoring systems. ECG monitoring equipment is an electronic device that is used to record the electrical activity of the heart. The various types involved are heart disease and coronary heart disease. The various end-users involved are hospitals/physician clinics (continuous glucose monitors), home/emergency, and research and development (clinical trials, universities, CRO). The cardiovascular monitoring and diagnostic devices and equipment market research report is one of a series of new reports from The Business Research Company that provides cardiovascular monitoring and diagnostic devices and equipment market statistics, including cardiovascular monitoring and diagnostic devices and equipment industry global market size, regional shares, competitors with a cardiovascular monitoring and diagnostic devices and equipment market share, detailed cardiovascular monitoring and diagnostic devices and equipment market segments, market trends and opportunities, and any further data you may need to thrive in the cardiovascular monitoring and diagnostic devices and equipment industry. This cardiovascular monitoring and diagnostic devices and equipment market research report delivers a complete perspective of everything you need, with an in-depth analysis of the current and future scenario of the industry. The global cardiovascular monitoring and diagnostic devices and equipment market size will grow from $3.12 billion in 2022 to $3.36 billion in 2023 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.5%. The Russia-Ukraine war disrupted the chances of global economic recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic, at least in the short term. The war between these two countries has led to economic sanctions on multiple countries, a surge in commodity prices, and supply chain disruptions, causing inflation across goods and services and affecting many markets across the globe. The cardiovascular monitoring and diagnostic devices and equipment market size is expected to grow to $4.31 billion in 2027 at a CAGR of 6.4%. The cardiovascular monitoring and diagnostic devices and equipment market is being driven by an increasing number of people suffering from obesity and diabetes. Risk factors including high blood pressure and high cholesterol are associated with obesity and diabetes leads to cardiovascular diseases. For instance, as per a study conducted by the American Heart Association (AMA), by 2030, 22.2 million CVD is expected to grow. According to another study conducted by AMA in the U.S., 26 million people have been diagnosed with diabetes, and above 9 million further, have the condition but it hasn't yet been diagnosed. The cardiovascular monitoring and diagnostic devices and equipment market is being restrained by the FDA's regulatory control over these devices based on the risks associated with this equipment. Cardiovascular monitoring and diagnostic devices fall into the class II category as per the FDA, which includes devices with moderate to high risk associated with usage. The Class II devices are specially controlled with performance standards which provide the manufacturers with performance specifications, postmarket surveillance which monitors the safety of the device after being released in the market, and also other standards like patient registries and special labeling requirements. For instance, Angel medical systems’ implantable cardiac monitor was unanimously rejected by a panel of FDA experts due to unmet performance specifications. ICMs continuously monitor the electrocardiogram (ECG) of the patient to conduct a real-time examination of the heart rhythm, for up to 36 months. ICMs are mostly used in the analysis of transitory symptoms which have an arrhythmic origin, such as unexplained palpitations. For example, in July 2020, Medtronic received U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) clearance and European CE label approval for its Linq II insertable cardiac monitor (ICM) by remote programming, allowing clinicians to optimize device settings without the requirement for patients to return to the hospital. The launch of new products is a key trend gaining popularity in the cardiovascular monitoring and diagnostic devices and equipment market. Companies in the market are focusing on the launch of new products to improve their product portfolio and strengthen their market position. For example, in August 2022, SmartCardia SA, a medical equipment manufacturer in Switzerland, launched 7L patch, its 7-lead cardiac monitoring patch in India. This patch monitor combines medical wearable technology with artificial intelligence (AI) to provide predictive and personalized patient insights through remote monitoring. The 7L patch is tracked by SmartCardia’s AI platform is interpreted by cardiologists and certified cardiac technicians and performs real-time detection of important arrhythmia events at cardiologist level accuracy. The US FDA has classified cardiovascular monitoring and diagnostic devices into the Class II category, as they have a moderate to high risk associated with usage. Class II devices are bounded by device-specific regulations which include performance standards, premarket data requirements, postmarket surveillance, and labeling requirements associated with device usage. For instance, the labeling should consist of contraindications, adverse reactions, precautions, warnings, and other instructions before the device is released into the market. Major players in the cardiovascular monitoring and diagnostic devices and equipment market are Medtronic PLC., Boston Scientific Corporation, GE Healthcare, Johnson & Johnson, Philips Healthcare, Siemens Healthcare, St. Jude MedicalInc., Nihon Kohden Corporation, FUKUDA DENSHI Co. Ltd., and Sorin Group. North America was the largest region in global cardiovascular monitoring and diagnostic devices and equipment market in 2022. Western Europe was the second-largest region incardiovascular monitoring and diagnostic devices and equipment market. The regions covered in global cardiovascular monitoring and diagnostic devices and equipment market report are Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, South America, the Middle East, and Africa. The countries covered in the cardiovascular monitoring and diagnostic devices and equipment market are Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, South Korea, Russia, the UK, the USA, and Australia. The cardiovascular monitoring and diagnostic devices and equipment market consist of sales of cardiopulmonary stress testing systems, ECG data management systems, ECG monitoring equipment, ECG stress testing systems, event monitoring systems, and holter monitoring systems that are used for diagnosis and treatment of cardio diseases. Values in this market are factory gate values, that is the value of goods sold by the manufacturers or creators of the goods, whether to other entities (including downstream manufacturers, wholesalers, distributors and retailers) or directly to end customers. The value of goods in this market includes related services sold by the creators of the goods. The market value is defined as the revenues that enterprises gain from the sale of goods and/or services within the specified market and geography through sales, grants, or donations in terms of the currency (in USD, unless otherwise specified). The revenues for a specified geography are consumption values that are revenues generated by organizations in the specified geography within the market, irrespective of where they are produced. It does not include revenues from resales along the supply chain, either further along the supply chain or as part of other products. The global cardiovascular monitoring and diagnostic devices and equipment market is segmented - 1) By Product Type: Cardiopulmonary Stress Testing Systems, ECG Data Management Systems, ECG Monitoring Equipment, ECG Stress Testing Systems, Event Monitoring Systems, Holter Monitoring Systems 2) By End-Use: Hospitals/Physician Clinic (Continuous Glucose Monitors), Home/Emergency, Research and Development (Clinical Trials, Universities, CRO) 3) By Type: Heart Disease, Coronary Heart Disease

Cardiovascular medical lasers are used in the treatment of medical conditions related to the heart. These lasers are commonly used during transmyocardial laser revascularization. The cardiovascular medical lasers market covered in this report is segmented by type into excimer lasers and carbon dioxide laser. The carbon dioxide laser aids in the removal of thin layers of skin while causing minimal damage to surrounding structures.These are used in various applications such as laser vascular anastomosis, transmyocardial laser revascularization, and laser angioplasty for peripheral arterial diseases that are used by end users such as hospitals, specialty clinics, and ambulatory surgery centres. The cardiovascular medical lasers market research report is one of a series of new reports from The Business Research Company that provides cardiovascular medical lasers market statistics, including cardiovascular medical lasers industry global market size, regional shares, competitors with a cardiovascular medical lasers market share, detailed cardiovascular medical lasers market segments, market trends and opportunities, and any further data you may need to thrive in the cardiovascular medical lasers industry. The cardiovascular medical lasers market research report delivers a complete perspective of everything you need, with an in-depth analysis of the current and future scenario of the industry. The global cardiovascular medical lasers market grew from $0.15 billion in 2022 to $0.21 billion in 2023 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 46.0%. The Russia-Ukraine war disrupted the chances of global economic recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic, at least in the short term. The war between these two countries has led to economic sanctions on multiple countries, a surge in commodity prices, and supply chain disruptions, causing inflation across goods and services and affecting many markets across the globe. The cardiovascular medical lasers market is expected to grow from $0.9 billion in 2027 at a CAGR of 43.2%. The rising prevalence of cardiovascular diseases is expected to drive the cardiovascular medical laser market. The increased prevalence of cardiovascular diseases can be attributed to the increase in the use of smoking, physical inactivity, and an unhealthy diet. For instance, according to the Centers for Disease control and prevention (CDC), 697,000 people died from heart diseases in 2020. According to the British Heart Foundation, coronary heart disease is responsible for around 64,000 deaths in the UK each year, an average of 180 people each day, or one death around every eight minutes. One in seven men and one in 12 women in the UK die from coronary heart disease. Therefore, the increasing prevalence of cardiovascular diseases is expected to drive the growth of cardiovascular medical lasers. Alternative treatment methods for cardiovascular ailments are increasingly becoming popular globally and this is expected to have a negative impact on the revenues of the cardiovascular medical laser market. Treatments of heart diseases using medical procedures such as coronary angioplasty, stent implantation, thrombolytic therapy, coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG), artificial pacemaker surgery, defibrillation, and heart valve surgery are more commonly used for the treatment of heart disease compared to the treatments employing lasers. According iData Research, around 340,000 CABG procedures are performed per year in the United States. This trend is expected to continue during the forecast period and limit the demand for cardiovascular medical lasers. Cardiovascular medical laser manufacturers are constantly investing in technologies for faster diagnosis and efficient treatment of heart conditions. Areas of technological advances include new wavelengths, more rugged setups, lower-cost systems, and other advancements are being combined with minimally invasive techniques. FDA cleared Ra Medical’s vascular products including cardiovascular lasers that can be used to treat peripheral arteries and veins. The laser works at 308-nanometer wavelength, which breaks chemical bonds and decomposes the blockage into its part, thereby reducing the risk for the patient. In October 2021, Laser MD Medspa, a US-based medical spa services company, acquired Young Medical Spa for an undisclosed amount. The acquisition would expand the company’s footprint in the state of Pennsylvania by adding four locations. Young Medical is a US-based provider of a full suite of cosmetic and aesthetic treatments, including laser hair removal, botox treatment, and others. Major players in the cardiovascular medical lasers market are Boston Scientific Corp., Cardiovascular Systems, AngioDynamics, Royal Philips NV, and RA Medical Systems. North America was the largest region in the cardiovascular medical lasers market in 2022. Asia-Pacific was the second largest region in the global cardiovascular medical lasers market report. The regions covered in the global cardiovascular medical lasers market report are Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, South America, Middle East, and Africa. The countries covered in the cardiovascular medical lasers market report are Australia, Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, Russia, South Korea, the UK, and the USA. The cardiovascular medical lasers market consists of sales of instruments such as excimer lasers and carbon dioxide lasers. Values in this market are factory gate values, that is the value of goods sold by the manufacturers or creators of the goods, whether to other entities (including downstream manufacturers, wholesalers, distributors, and retailers) or directly to end customers. The value of goods in this market includes related services sold by the creators of the goods. The market value is defined as the revenues that enterprises gain from the sale of goods and/or services within the specified market and geography through sales, grants, or donations in terms of the currency (in USD, unless otherwise specified). The revenues for a specified geography are consumption values that are revenues generated by organisations in the specified geography within the market, irrespective of where they are produced. It does not include revenues from resales along the supply chain, either further along the chain or as part of other products. The global cardiovascular medical lasers market is segmented - 1) By Type: Excimer Laser, Carbon Dioxide Laser 2) By Application: Laser Vascular Anastomosis, Transmyocardial Laser Revascularization, and Laser Angioplasty for Peripheral Arterial Diseases 3) By End Use: Hospitals, Specialty Clinics, Ambulatory Surgery Centers

Electrophysiology devices and equipment are used in the diagnosis and treatment of heart rhythm disorders through electrical activity. The main product types in the electrophysiology devices and equipment are electrophysiology ablation catheters, electrophysiology diagnostic catheters, and electrophysiology lab systems. Electrophysiology ablation catheters measure the electrical activity of the heart and diagnose abnormal heart rhythm. The various monitoring devices involved are electrocardiograph (ECG), electroencephalograph (EEG), electrocorticography (ECoG), electromyography (EMG), electroretinographic (ERG), electrooculography (EOG), Holter monitoring devices, X-ray systems, imaging and 3D mapping systems, and diagnostic electrophysiology catheters that are used in indication analysis of atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia (AVERT), Wolff-Parkinson-white syndrome (WPW), atrial flutter, and atrial fibrillation. The various end-users of electrophysiology devices and equipment are used in hospitals, diagnostic centres, and clinics. The electrophysiology devices and equipment market research report is one of a series of new reports from The Business Research Company that provides electrophysiology devices and equipment market statistics, including electrophysiology devices and equipment industry global market size, regional shares, competitors with a electrophysiology devices and equipment market share, detailed electrophysiology devices and equipment market segments, market trends and opportunities, and any further data you may need to thrive in the electrophysiology devices and equipment industry. This electrophysiology devices and equipment market research report delivers a complete perspective of everything you need, with an in-depth analysis of the current and future scenario of the industry. The global electrophysiology devices and equipment market size will grow from $5.43 billion in 2022 to $5.94 billion in 2023 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 9.4%. The Russia-Ukraine war disrupted the chances of global economic recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic, at least in the short term. The war between these two countries has led to economic sanctions on multiple countries, a surge in commodity prices, and supply chain disruptions, causing inflation across goods and services and affecting many markets across the globe. The electrophysiology devices and equipment market size is expected to grow to $8.07 billion in 2027 at a CAGR of 7.9%. An increase in the prevalence rate of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) forms one of the major drivers for the industries operating in the electrophysiology devices and equipment market. CVD cases remain the leading cause of death across the globe, which increases the demand for a quick and effective treatment of the disease, thus increasing the demand for electrophysiology devices. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), in 2020, 697,000 people died from heart diseases which was almost 1 in every 5 deaths. By 2030, 12.1 million people in the United States will suffer from atrial fibrillation, which is the most common type of heart arrhythmia. Lack of uniformity in the regulations governing the electrophysiology devices and equipment industry sometimes restricts the companies in the market from expanding globally, thereby hampering the market’s growth. The impact of individual country regulatory requirements can have huge implications for the availability of new electrophysiology devices and equipment. According to regulations in a few geographies, the manufacturers are required to conduct clinical trials (premarket and/or post-market) be either in whole or in part within a country. However, in markets such as Brazil, Japan, India, and China where local regulations are still in the nascent stage, the cost to run the trials is incurred by the manufacturers. For example, trials for devices like cardiac rhythm management (CRM) in multiple countries have less merit and do not reflect the true test results as it becomes difficult for the manufacturers to provide sufficient devices to run tests. To increase the profit margins and sales, the companies operating in the Electrophysiology (EP) devices and equipment industry are coming up with new technologies aimed towards improving EP mapping and localization technology. EP mapping is a procedure used to diagnose the origins of abnormal heart rhythms. This procedure uses an electrically sensitive catheter. With improved mapping technologies it becomes easy to detect and locate abnormalities in the heart. For example, in June 2020, Boston Scientific launched its DIRECTSENSE™ technology for monitoring the effect of radiofrequency energy delivery during the cardiac ablation procedure. The Reuse of a single-use device (SUD) is permitted by The Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) may impact the electrophysiology devices and equipment market growth as few of the products within the market may be reused. The MHRA allows the reuse of electrophysiology catheters, however, the device should be adherent to the medical devices directive and should have a CE mark. The reuse or reprocessing of electrophysiology catheters by electrophysiology (EP) laboratories in the US help in reducing the costs of these devices and lessening the environmental burden of the discarded bio-waste materials. As there is no clear regulation on reuse in developing nations such as Africa., Asia, Eastern Europe, Central America, and South America, the electrophysiology devices and equipment market may face a few challenges. In September 2021, Boston Scientific, a company operating in electrophysiology devices and equipment acquired Lumenis for a deal amount of $1.07 billion. With this acquisition, Boston scientific company expands its portfolio in the US and Japan. Lumenis is a medical equipment company and a technology company based in Israel. Major players in the electrophysiology devices and equipment market are St. Jude Medical, Boston Scientific Corporation, Abbott Laboratories, GE Healthcare, Philips Healthcare, Biotronik SE & Co. KG, Medtronic Inc., Biosense Webster, Microport Scientific Corporation, and Japan Lifeline Co. North America was the largest region in global electrophysiology devices and equipment market in 2022. Western Europe was the second-largest region in global electrophysiology devices and equipment market.The regions covered in the electrophysiology devices and equipment market report are Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, South America, Middle East, and Africa. The countries covered in the electrophysiology devices and equipment market are Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, South Korea, Russia, the UK, the USA, and Australia. The electrophysiology devices and equipment market consist of sales of ablation catheters, diagnostic catheters, mapping system, accessories, and other electrophysiology devices. Values in this market are factory gate values, that is the value of goods sold by the manufacturers or creators of the goods, whether to other entities (including downstream manufacturers, wholesalers, distributors and retailers) or directly to end customers. The value of goods in this market includes related services sold by the creators of the goods. The market value is defined as the revenues that enterprises gain from the sale of goods and/or services within the specified market and geography through sales, grants, or donations in terms of the currency (in USD, unless otherwise specified). The revenues for a specified geography are consumption values that are revenues generated by organizations in the specified geography within the market, irrespective of where they are produced. It does not include revenues from resales along the supply chain, either further along the supply chain or as part of other products. The global electrophysiology devices and equipment market is segmented - 1) By Product Type: Electrophysiology Ablation Catheters, Electrophysiology Diagnostic Catheters, Electrophysiology Lab Systems 2) By Monitoring Device Type: Electrocardiograph (ECG), Electroencephalograph (EEG), Electrocorticograph (ECoG), Electromyograph (EMG), Electroretinograph (ERG), Electrooculograph (EOG), Holter Monitoring Devices, X-Ray Systems, Imaging and 3D Mapping Systems, Diagnostic Electrophysiology Catheters 3) By Indication Analysis: Atrioventricular Nodal Reentry Tachycardia (AVNRT), Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome (WPW), Atrial Flutter, Atrial Fibrillation 4) By End-Users: Hospitals, Diagnostic centers, Clinics

Cardiac rhythm management (CRM) devices and equipment are used to manage the heart rate or rhythm by generating electrical impulses or shocks in order to get the heart back to its normal functions. CRM devices are used to treat and manage arrhythmia-related diseases such as cardiac arrests, heart failure, or cardiac arrhythmias. The main products of cardiac rhythm management devices and equipment are pacemakers, defibrillators, and cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). A pacemaker is a small device that's placed in the chest to control the heartbeat. It's used to prevent the heart from beating too slowly. The defibrillators are implantable cardioverter defibrillators and external defibrillators. Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) includes CRT-defibrillators (CRT-D), CRT-pacemakers (CRT-P). There are implantable pacemakers and external pacemakers. The applications involved are bradycardia, tachycardia, heart failure, and others that are used by various end-users such as hospitals, ambulatory surgical centres, and physician’s clinics. The cardiac rhythm management (CRM) devices and equipment market research report is one of a series of new reports from The Business Research Company that provides cardiac rhythm management (CRM) devices and equipment market statistics, including cardiac rhythm management (CRM) devices and equipment industry global market size, regional shares, competitors with a cardiac rhythm management (CRM) devices and equipment market share, detailed cardiac rhythm management (CRM) devices and equipment market segments, market trends and opportunities, and any further data you may need to thrive in the cardiac rhythm management (CRM) devices and equipment industry. This cardiac rhythm management (CRM) devices and equipment market research report delivers a complete perspective of everything you need, with an in-depth analysis of the current and future scenario of the industry. The global cardiac rhythm management (CRM) devices and equipment market size will grow from $15.13 billion in 2022 to $16.19 billion in 2023 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.0%. The Russia-Ukraine war disrupted the chances of global economic recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic, at least in the short term. The war between these two countries has led to economic sanctions on multiple countries, a surge in commodity prices, and supply chain disruptions, causing inflation across goods and services and affecting many markets across the globe. The cardiac rhythm management (CRM) devices and equipment market size is expected to grow to $20.05 billion in 2027 at a CAGR of 5.5%. The rising incidences of cardiovascular diseases such as cardiac arrhythmia, ischemic heart disease, and hypertension is driving the CRM devices market. Sedentary lifestyles and medical conditions such as high cholesterol, high blood pressure, obesity, and diabetes are major causes of cardiovascular diseases. According to the World Health Organization, cardiovascular diseases account for about 31% of all global deaths. Most of these deaths occur due to heart attacks and strokes. As more people suffer from cardiovascular diseases, the demand for cardiac rhythm management and devices is expected to increase. The risks associated with cardiac rhythm management devices and equipment market is acting as a restraint on the market. CRM devices may pose potential risks such as post-implant infections and contraindications in patients undergoing any type of radiation therapy or diagnosis. Implantable CRM devices contain complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) which may get damaged due to therapeutic doses of radiation. Also, as the implants are highly sensitive devices, any dysfunction may have life-threatening consequences for the patients. The considerable number of risks involved in using CRM devices are affecting the growth of the market. Technologies such as subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (S-ICD) and leadless cardiac pacemakers (LCP) are being developed to overcome complications with transvenous lead and other CRM devices. The novel modular cardiac rhythm management (mCRM) system allows for the coordination of leadless pacing and defibrillator therapy delivery by providing wireless intra-body communication between devices. This communication is possible by a combination of anti-tachycardia pacing-enabled LCP and S ICD. For instance, Medtronic developed the leadless pacemaker Micra which can be placed in the heart through veins and is self-contained within the heart. Manufacturers of cardiac rhythm management devices and equipment are governed by various regulatory bodies such as the FDA in the USA. The United States Food and Drug Administration recalls any product with safety issues or defects that can endanger the consumer. The FDA recalled the Platinium implantable cardiac defibrillator and resynchronization therapy defibrillator due to issues with hardware configuration and functioning. The company had to discard all non-implanted Platinium devices and follow up with all patients implanted with these devices. Major players in the cardiac rhythm management (CRM) devices and equipment market are Abbott, Medtronic, Biotronik, Cardiac Science Corporation, Schiller AG, Hill-Rom Holdings Inc., GE Healthcare, Integer, Biotelemetry, and Neovasc. North America was the largest region in the global cardiac rhythm management (CRM) devices and equipment market in 2022. Western Europe was the second-largest region in the cardiac rhythm management (CRM) devices and equipment market. The regions covered in the global cardiac rhythm management (CRM) devices and equipment market report are Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, South America, the Middle East, and Africa. The countries covered in the cardiac rhythm management (CRM) devices and equipment market are Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, South Korea, Russia, the UK, the USA, and Australia. The cardiac rhythm management (CRM) devices and equipment market consist of sales of Pacemakers, (implantable pacemakers, external pacemakers), defibrillators (implantable cardioverter defibrillators, external defibrillators), and cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT-defibrillators, CRT-pacemakers) that are used for rhythm management. Values in this market are factory gate values, that is the value of goods sold by the manufacturers or creators of the goods, whether to other entities (including downstream manufacturers, wholesalers, distributors and retailers) or directly to end customers. The value of goods in this market includes related services sold by the creators of the goods. The market value is defined as the revenues that enterprises gain from the sale of goods and/or services within the specified market and geography through sales, grants, or donations in terms of the currency (in USD, unless otherwise specified). The revenues for a specified geography are consumption values that are revenues generated by organizations in the specified geography within the market, irrespective of where they are produced. It does not include revenues from resales along the supply chain, either further along the supply chain or as part of other products. The global cardiac rhythm management (CRM) devices and equipment market is segmented - 1) By Product: Pacemakers, Defibrillators, Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT) 2) By End User: Hospitals, Ambulatory surgical centers, Physicians Clinics 3) By Application: Bradycardia, Tachycardia, Heart Failure, Other Applications 4) By Pacemakers: Implantable Pacemakers, External Pacemakers 5) By Defibrillators: Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators, External Defibrillator 6) By Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT): CRT-Defibrillators (CRT-D), CRT-Pacemakers (CRT-P)

Medical equipment are devices that can be instrument, apparatus or machine that can be used in the prevention, diagnosis or treatment of illness or disease, or for detecting, measuring, restoring, correcting or modifying the structure or function of the body for health purpose. The main types of medical equipment are in-vitro diagnostics, dental equipment and supplies, ophthalmic devices, diagnostic imaging equipment, cardiovascular devices, hospital supplies, surgical equipment, orthopedic devices, patient monitoring devices, diabetes care devices, nephrology and urology devices, ENT devices, anesthesia and respiratory devices, neurology devices, and wound care devices. In-vitro diagnostics are tests done on samples like blood or tissue that is taken from the human body. In-vitro diagnostics will detect diseases or other conditions and are used to monitor a person’s overall health to cure, treat, or prevent diseases. The type of expenditure involved is public and private. The various product are instruments/equipment and disposables. The various end users involved are hospitals and clinics, homecare, diagnostics centres, and others. The medical equipment market research report is one of a series of new reports from The Business Research Company that provides medical equipment market statistics, including medical equipment industry global market size, regional shares, competitors with a medical equipment market share, detailed medical equipment market segments, market trends and opportunities, and any further data you may need to thrive in the medical equipment industry. This medical equipment market research report delivers a complete perspective of everything you need, with an in-depth analysis of the current and future scenario of the industry. The global medical equipment market grew from $639.75 billion in 2022 to $695.05 billion in 2023 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.6%. The Russia-Ukraine war disrupted the chances of global economic recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic, at least in the short term. The war between these two countries has led to economic sanctions on multiple countries, a surge in commodity prices, and supply chain disruptions, causing inflation across goods and services and affecting many markets across the globe. The medical equipment market is expected to grow to $922.39 billion in 2027 at a CAGR of 7.3%. The rise in sedentary jobs, busy lifestyles, and changing consumer preferences are affecting the disease profile of the world population, especially non-communicable diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Long working hours, less physical activity, and unhealthy eating and drinking habits are major causes of chronic diseases such as diabetes. According to the World Health Organization, chronic disease prevalence is expected to rise by 57% globally, by the year 2020. This is increasing the demand for medical devices used in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of several diseases, thereby driving the demand for medical equipment. These factors are expected to increase the patient pool globally, thereby driving the market during the forecast period. Regulatory changes are likely to lead to increased costs relating to new product development and service offerings to clients. These changes are related to customer data protection such as the European Union's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), changes to equipment approval procedures, and other regulatory changes. For instance, according to cookieyed data 2021, in the US, PwC reported that 68% of 200 businesses surveyed intended to spend between $1 million and $10 million to comply with GDPR regulations. The GDPR regulation is an EU law on data protection and privacy of individuals residing in the European Union and the European Economic Area (EEA). It also regulates the export of personal data outside the EU and EEA areas. Additionally, the FDA is requesting more clinical data to support claims, therefore increasing the time to process 510(k)s by over 55% over the last decade. The potential loss of revenue due to delays in product release and additional costs incurred due to stringent approval processes puts a strain on investments relating to new product development, thereby affecting the growth of the medical equipment market. Device performance and patient data are available to healthcare service providers and are helping them to improve patient monitoring and overall care quality. Some companies are integrating medical device data with EMR (Electronic Medical Records) to improve transparency and collaboration. As consumer wearables are becoming more common, patient data volumes are increasing and companies are investing in deploying data management, warehousing, and security technologies. For example, Medtronic launched a tool to augment their cardiac devices to securely transfer device data to doctors and allow them to monitor the critical health indicators of their patients. Major companies in the medical equipment market include Medtronic Inc., Abbott Laboratories, Johnson & Johnson, Cardinal Health, Inc., Becton Dickinson, Siemens AG, STRYKER CORPORATION, Koninklijke Philips N.V., F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., and Boston Scientific Corporation. North America was the largest region in the global medical equipment market in 2022. Asia-Pacific was the second largest region in the global medical equipment market. The regions covered in the medical equipment market report are Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, South America, Middle East, and Africa. The countries covered in the medical equipment market are Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, France, Germany, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nigeria, Norway, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Africa., South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Turkey, UAE, UK, USA, Venezuela, and Vietnam. The medical equipment market consists of sales of devices used in the diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of medical conditions. The market includes diagnostic devices, imaging devices, surgical devices and patient monitoring devices. Values in this market are ‘factory gate’ values, that is the value of goods sold by the manufacturers or creators of the goods, whether to other entities (including downstream manufacturers, wholesalers, distributors and retailers) or directly to end customers. The value of goods in this market includes related services sold by the creators of the goods. The market value is defined as the revenues that enterprises gain from the sale of goods and/or services within the specified market and geography through sales, grants, or donations in terms of the currency (in USD, unless otherwise specified). The revenues for a specified geography are consumption values that are revenues generated by organizations in the specified geography within the market, irrespective of where they are produced. It does not include revenues from resales along the supply chain, either further along the supply chain or as part of other products. The global medical equipment market is segmented - 1) By Type: In-Vitro Diagnostics, Dental Equipment And Supplies, Ophthalmic Devices, Diagnostic Imaging Equipment, Cardiovascular Devices, Hospital Supplies, Surgical Equipment, Orthopedic Devices, Patient Monitoring Devices, Diabetes Care Devices, Nephrology And Urology Devices, ENT Devices, Anesthesia And Respiratory Devices, Neurology Devices, Wound Care Devices 2) By Type of Expenditure: Public, Private 3) By Product: Instruments/Equipment, Disposables 4) By End User: Hospitals And Clinics, Homecare, Diagnostics Centers, Other End Users Subsegments Covered: Point-of-Care Diagnostics Devices And Equipment, Immunochemistry Diagnostic Devices And Equipment, Clinical Chemistry Diagnostics Devices And Equipment, Molecular Diagnostics Devices And Equipment, Microbiology Diagnostic Devices And Equipment, Hemostasis Diagnostic Devices And Equipment, Hematology Diagnostic Devices And Equipment, Immunohematology Diagnostic Devices And Equipment, Therapeutic Dental Equipment, General Dental Devices And Equipment, Dental Diagnostic Imaging Devices And Equipment, Dental Surgical Devices And Equipment, Vision Care Devices And Equipment, Cataract Surgery Devices And Equipment, Refractive Surgery Devices And Equipment, Diagnostic And Monitoring Ophthalmic Devices And Equipment, X-Ray Systems Devices And Equipment, Ultrasound Systems Devices And Equipment, Computed Tomography (CT) Scanners Devices And Equipment, Magnetic Resonance Imaging Systems Devices And Equipment, Cardiovascular Monitoring And Diagnostic Devices And Equipment, Nuclear Imaging Devices And Equipment, Cardiovascular Surgery Devices And Equipment, Cardiac Rhythm Management (CRM) Devices And Equipment, Interventional Cardiology Devices And Equipment, Defibrillator Devices And Equipment, Peripheral Vascular Devices And Equipment, Prosthetic Heart Valve Devices And Equipment, Electrophysiology Devices And Equipment, Cardiac Assist Devices And Equipment, Disposable Hospital Supplies, Sterilization Equipment And Disinfectants, Mobility Aids And Transportation Equipment, Operating Room Equipment, Surgical Sutures And Staples, Handheld Surgical Devices And Equipment, Electrosurgical Devices And Equipment, Joint Reconstruction Devices And Equipment, Spinal Surgery Devices And Equipment, Trauma Fixation Devices And Equipment, Orthobiologics Devices And Equipment, Arthroscopy Devices And Equipment, Orthopedic Braces And Support Devices And Equipment, Craniomaxillofacial (CMF) Devices And Equipment, Orthopedic Prosthetics, Orthopedic Accessories,, Fetal And Neonatal Monitoring Devices, Weight Monitoring And Body Temperature Monitoring Devices And Equipment, Vital Parameter Monitoring Devices And Equipment, Remote Patient Monitoring Devices And Equipment, Blood Glucose Test Strips, Insulin Pens, Syringes, Pumps And Injectors, Lancing Devices And Equipment, Continuous Glucose Monitoring Devices And Equipment, Blood Glucose Meters, Dialysis Devices And Equipment, Urinary Stone Treatment Devices And Equipment, Urinary Incontinence & Pelvic Organ Prolapse Devices And Equipment, Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) Treatment Devices And Equipment, Endoscopy Devices And Equipment, Hearing Aid Devices And Equipment, Hearing Diagnostic Devices And Equipment, ENT Surgical Devices And Equipment, Hearing Implants, Voice Prosthesis Devices And Equipment, Nasal Splints, Respiratory Devices And Equipment (Therapeutic And Diagnostic), Anesthesia Machines, Anesthesia Disposables, Respiratory Disposables, Cerebrospinal Fluid Management (CSF) Devices And Equipment, Interventional Neurology Devices And Equipment, Neurosurgery Devices And Equipment, Neurostimulation Devices, Traditional Adhesive Dressings, Negative-pressure Wound Therapy (NPWT), Traditional Gauze Dressings, Advanced Wound Care Devices

Interventional cardiology devices and equipment are used in interventional cardiology, a branch of medicine that deals with the catheter-based treatment of structural heart diseases. The main types of interventional cardiology devices and equipment are angioplasty balloons, angioplasty stents, catheters, plaque modification devices, and other interventional cardiology devices. The catheter is a tubular medical device for insertion into canals, vessels, passageways, or body cavities to permit injection or withdrawal of fluids or for keeping the passage open. The market is divided by age group into new-born (0-30 days), infant (31 days-1 year), children (1-18 years), and adult (18+ years). The various applications involved are hospitals, clinics, cardiac catheterization labs, and ambulatory surgical centres. The interventional cardiology devices and equipment market research report is one of a series of new reports from The Business Research Company that provides interventional cardiology devices and equipment market statistics, including interventional cardiology devices and equipment industry global market size, regional shares, competitors with a interventional cardiology devices and equipment market share, detailed interventional cardiology devices and equipment market segments, market trends and opportunities, and any further data you may need to thrive in the interventional cardiology devices and equipment industry. This interventional cardiology devices and equipment market research report delivers a complete perspective of everything you need, with an in-depth analysis of the current and future scenario of the industry. The global interventional cardiology devices and equipment market size will grow from $12.6 billion in 2022 to $13.72 billion in 2023 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.9%. The Russia-Ukraine war disrupted the chances of global economic recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic, at least in the short term. The war between these two countries has led to economic sanctions on multiple countries, a surge in commodity prices, and supply chain disruptions, causing inflation across goods and services and affecting many markets across the globe. The interventional cardiology devices and equipment market size is expected to grow to $18.24 billion in 2027 at a CAGR of 7.4%. The interventional cardiology devices and equipment market is being driven by an increase in cardiovascular diseases. Cardiovascular diseases are health problems that are associated with the blood vessels, circulatory system as well as heart. The rise in cardiovascular diseases has led to a rise in healthcare expenditure in the medical equipment market which further drives the interventional cardiac devices and equipment market. According to an estimate by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC),, heart diseases caused 697,000 deaths in 2020. Further, according to an estimate by WHO, cardiovascular diseases are expected to account for 23.6 million deaths by 2030. The intervention cardiology devices and equipment market is being restrained by the high costs associated with the procurement and use of interventional cardiology devices. The interventional cardiology devices include drug-eluting stents, tiny mesh tubes coated with medicines, and pacemakers. For instance, according to a study, implantable heart devices like pacemakers and stents cost two to six times more in the US than in Germany and other European Union countries. Advancement in the technology of Interventional cardiology devices is one of the major trends in the market. Advanced devices cover technologically advanced imaging modalities such as Intravenous Ultrasound (IVUS), Fractional Flow Reserve (FFR), and Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). For instance, according to a study published by the US CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), the treatment of cardiovascular diseases has changed substantially due to the introduction of new drug therapies and devices such as guidewires and stents which allow the patient to live quality and longer lives. According to The International Standard for Medical Device Manufacturers ISO 13485:2012, which sets standards regarding both product quality and compliance with governmental regulations, medical device manufacturing companies should follow all the strictest regulations. Companies earning this certification have consistently met both regulatory and customer requirements. Within the United States, regulations for medical devices are known as Current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP). The FDA’s Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH) is responsible for certifying medical devices should meet appropriate standards before they are made available for patient use. Major players in the interventional cardiology devices and equipment market are GE Healthcare, Abbott Laboratories, Boston Scientific Corporation, Medtronic Inc., Johnson & Johnson, B. Braun Melsungen AG, Biosensors International Ltd., Novacam Technologies Inc., Cook Medical LLC., and Biotronik SE & Co. KG. North America was the largest region in the global interventional cardiology devices and equipment market in 2022. Western Europe was the second-largest region in the interventional cardiology devices and equipment market. The regions covered in the global interventional cardiology devices and equipment market report are Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, South America, the Middle East, and Africa. The countries covered in the interventional cardiology devices and equipment market are Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, South Korea, Russia, the UK, the USA, and Australia. The interventional cardiology devices and equipment market consists of sales of equipment with technologies such as vascular closure, atherectomy, intravascular ultrasound, fractional flow reserve, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) that are used for the treatment of interventional structural heart diseases. Values in this market are factory gate values, that is the value of goods sold by the manufacturers or creators of the goods, whether to other entities (including downstream manufacturers, wholesalers, distributors and retailers) or directly to end customers. The value of goods in this market includes related services sold by the creators of the goods. The market value is defined as the revenues that enterprises gain from the sale of goods and/or services within the specified market and geography through sales, grants, or donations in terms of the currency (in USD, unless otherwise specified). The revenues for a specified geography are consumption values that are revenues generated by organizations in the specified geography within the market, irrespective of where they are produced. It does not include revenues from resales along the supply chain, either further along the supply chain or as part of other products. The global interventional cardiology devices and equipment market is segmented - 1) By Type: Angioplasty Balloons, Angioplasty Stents, Catheters, Plaque Modification Devices, Other Interventional Cardiology Devices 2) By Age Group: New-born (0-30 days), Infant (31 days-1 year), Children (1-18 years), Adult (18+ years) 3) By Application: Hospitals, Clinics, Cardiac Catheterization Labs, Ambulatory Surgical Centers

The cardiovascular drugs market consists of sales of cardiovascular drugs by entities (organizations, sole traders and partnerships) that produce cardiovascular drugs to treat cardiovascular diseases. This industry includes establishments that produce anti-hypertensive drugs to prevent heart failure by controlling blood pressure and hypolipidemic drugs that reduce lipid and lipoprotein levels in the blood. It also consists of establishments which produce antithrombotic drugs to treat arterial and venous thrombosis. The main types of cardiovascular drugs market are anti-hypertensive drugs, hypolipidemics, anti thrombotics, and other drugs for cardiovascular diseases (congestive heart failure, anti-arrhythmic and anti-anginal drugs). Hypolipidemic drugs are a diverse class of medications used to treat high levels of fats (lipids) in the blood, such as cholesterol (hyperlipidemia). The drugs are administered through oral, parenteral, and others that are classified into branded and generic drugs. The various mode of purchase includes prescription-based drugs and over-the-counter drugs which are distributed by hospital pharmacies, retail pharmacies/ drug stores, and others. The global cardiovascular drugs market size is expected to grow from $146.51 billion in 2021 to $153.60 billion in 2022 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4.8%. The growth in the market is mainly due to the companies rearranging their operations and recovering from the COVID-19 impact, which had earlier led to restrictive containment measures involving social distancing, remote working, and the closure of commercial activities that resulted in operational challenges. The cardiovascular drugs market is expected to reach $205.71 billion in 2026 at a CAGR of 7.6%. The rise in sedentary jobs, busy lifestyles and changing consumer preferences are affecting the disease profile of the world population, especially non-communicable diseases such as cancer, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Long working hours, less physical activity, and unhealthy eating and drinking habits are major causes of cardiovascular diseases including hypertension. According to the World Health Organization, chronic disease prevalence is rose by 57% globally, in the year 2020. These factors are expected to increase the patient pool globally, thereby driving the cardiovascular drugs market during the forecast period. High costs associated with drugs is a major issue faced by citizens of many countries. Pressure to contain costs and demonstrate value is widespread. Political uncertainty and persistent economic stress in numerous countries are calling into question the sustainability of public health care funding. In less wealthy countries, lack of cost-effective drugs has influenced the health conditions of the population and has led to a low average life expectancy. As a result, in countries such as Chad, Macedonia, Serbia, the pharmaceutical companies are faced with the pressure of reducing the price of drugs. The high costs associated with drugs are putting pressure on the revenues of cardiovascular drugs market manufacturers. NOACs are gaining wider acceptance and are replacing traditionally used anti-coagulants such as Warfarin and Heparin. Anti-coagulants have long been used in prevention of thrombus formation in patients suffering with cardiovascular diseases. Use of NOACs makes it easier for patients to continue therapy post discharge as opposed to injections of Heparin and Warfarin which need medical assistance for administration. Some of the NOACs include Pradaxa (dabigatran etexilate) from Boehringer Ingelheim, Xarelto (rivaroxaban) from Janssen, and Eliquis (apixaban) from Bristol-Myers Squibb. Major companies in the cardiovascular drugs market include Medtronic Inc., Boston Scientific Corporation, Abbott Laboratories, Edwards Lifesciences, Cardinal Health, Inc., Johnson & Johnson, Terumo Corporation, Getinge Group, Teleflex Inc. and Becton Dickinson. North America was the largest region in the cardiovascular drugs market in 2021. The Middle East is expected to be the fastest growing region in the forecast period. The regions covered in the cardiovascular drugs market report are Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, South America, Middle East and Africa. The countries covered in the cardiovascular drugs market report are Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, France, Germany, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nigeria, Norway, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Turkey, UAE, UK, USA, Venezuela and Vietnam. The global cardiovascular drugs market is segmented - 1) By Type: Anti-Hypertensive Drugs, Hypolipidemics, Anti Thrombotics, Other Drugs for Cardiovascular Diseases (Congestive Heart Failure, Anti-Arrhythmic and Anti-Anginal Drugs) 2) By Distribution Channel: Hospital Pharmacies, Retail Pharmacies/ Drug Stores, Others 3) By Route of Administration: Oral, Parenteral, Others 4) By Drug Classification: Branded Drugs, Generic Drugs 5) By Mode of Purchase: Prescription-Based Drugs, Over-The-Counter Drugs