Anti-viral drug therapy refers to drugs that are used for the treatment of viral infections, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis, influenza, and novel coronavirus. Antiviral drugs do not kill their target pathogens; instead, they inhibit the development of those viruses. The anti-viral drug establishments are primarily engaged in the manufacturing of DNA polymerase inhibitors, reverse transcriptase inhibitors, protease inhibitors, neuraminidase inhibitors, and others. The main types of anti-viral drug therapy are branded and generic. The various drug classes involved are DNA polymerase inhibitors, reverse transcriptase inhibitors, protease inhibitors, neuraminidase inhibitors, and others that are used for HIV, hepatitis, herpes, influenza, and others. Reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (RTIs) are a type of antiretroviral medication used to treat HIV infection or AIDS, as well as hepatitis B in some cases. The anti-viral drug therapy market research report is one of a series of new reports from The Business Research Company that provides anti-viral drug therapy market statistics, including anti-viral drug therapy industry global market size, regional shares, competitors with an anti-viral drug therapy market share, detailed anti-viral drug therapy market segments, market trends and opportunities, and any further data you may need to thrive in the anti-viral drug therapy industry. This anti-viral drug therapy market research report delivers a complete perspective of everything you need, with an in-depth analysis of the current and future scenario of the industry. The global antivirals market size will grow from $97.14 billion in 2022 to $107.84 billion in 2023 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 11.0%. The Russia-Ukraine war disrupted the chances of global economic recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic, at least in the short term. The war between these two countries has led to economic sanctions on multiple countries, a surge in commodity prices, and supply chain disruptions, causing inflation across goods and services and affecting many markets across the globe. The global antivirals market size is expected to grow to $156.99 billion in 2027 at a CAGR of 9.8%. The demand for anti-viral drugs is anticipated to grow at a rapid pace due to the novel coronavirus outbreak. As there are no vaccines and potential treatments for COVID-19, companies are trying to repurpose existing drugs in the fight against the novel coronavirus. The use of certain existing anti-viral drugs for the COVID-19 treatment is contributing to the growth of the anti-viral drugs market. However, if any of these drugs under trial show further promising results in treating the coronavirus infection, the anti-viral market will see further growth. Increasing public-private funding for life science research globally is expected to drive the growth of the anti-viral drug therapy market. Currently, there are no drugs or vaccines approved for the treatment of COVID-19 disease, however, there are several vaccines and drugs in the pipeline, that are yet to be approved or launched. Governments around the world announced new grant funds for researchers in vaccines, treatment, and diagnostics. In March 2020, the Canadian government announced $214.6 million for coronavirus research. Wellcome and the Gates Foundation announced they are joining forces with the credit card company MasterCard in a $125 million push to speed up the development of drugs for treating COVID-19 infections. Hence increasing public-private funding for life science research will enhance the research and development which drive the growth of the COVID-19 anti-viral drug therapy market. The emergence of alternative therapies such as naturopathy and homeopathy for the treatment of viral infections is negatively affecting the market. The development of COVID-19 anti-viral drugs involves high R&D costs. The development of COVID-19 anti-viral drugs involves high operating costs and requires a greater capital investment. Due to the high R&D costs involved in drug development, there is a growth in the demand for alternative medicines such as naturopathy and homeopathy. Saikosaponins (A, B2, C, and D), which are naturally occurring triterpene glycosides isolated from medicinal plants such as Bupleurum spp., Heteromorpha spp., and Scrophulariascorodonia, exert antiviral activity against HCV-22E9. Saikosaponins inhibit viral attachment and penetration stages. The marketed drugs would be priced much higher than the actual manufacturing costs. Hence using these naturopathy and homeopathy medicines can restrain the market growth. Companies in the anti-viral drug therapy market are continuously innovating through technological advancements to develop drugs to treat different viral infections. Biopharmaceutical companies are developing vaccines for the treatment of novel coronavirus. Technological advances in the pharmaceutical sector include the development of nucleic acid vaccines that are DNA- and RNA-based, and which enable the human body to produce vaccine antigens. In March 2020, Applied DNA Sciences’ subsidiary LineaRx and Takis Biotech formed a joint venture to develop a linear DNA vaccine as a treatment for coronavirus. The JV will use Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)-based DNA manufacturing technology to develop the vaccine. Such initiatives and activities are projected to support market growth to a significant extent. In February 2020, GeoVax, a US-based pharmaceutical company, and BravoVax, a China-based pharmaceutical company, announced plans to develop a coronavirus cure in the form of a vaccine based on the former’s MVA-VLP vaccine platform. BravoVax will be responsible for testing and manufacturing the vaccine as well as coordinating with the public health and regulatory authorities in China. GeoVax’s Modified Vaccinia Ankara platform enables enhanced expression and stable transgenes during the manufacturing process. Combined with the immunogenicity of Virus-Like Particles (VLPs), the technology enables the production of vaccines. The collaboration between these two companies is to develop a coronavirus vaccine. Major players in the anti-viral drug therapy market are AbbVie Inc., Bristol-Myers-Squibb, Cipla, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Gilead Sciences Inc., GlaxoSmithKline, Johnson & Johnson, Merck & Co., Inc., Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd., AstraZeneca PLC., Aurobindo Pharma, Abbott Laboratories, Schering-Plough Corporation, Pfizer Inc., Sanofi, Sanofi, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Novavax, Inc., and BioCryst Pharmaceuticals, Inc. North America was the largest region in the anti-viral drug therapy market in 2022. The Middle East is expected to be the fastest-growing region in the global antivirals market during the forecast period. The regions covered in the global anti-viral drug therapy market report are Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, South America, the Middle East, and Africa. The countries covered in the anti-viral drug therapy market report are Australia, Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, Russia, South Korea, UK and USA. The anti-viral drug therapy market consists of sales of amantadine and rimantadine. Values in this market are factory gate values, that is the value of goods sold by the manufacturers or creators of the goods, whether to other entities (including downstream manufacturers, wholesalers, distributors and retailers) or directly to end customers. The value of goods in this market includes related services sold by the creators of the goods. The market value is defined as the revenues that enterprises gain from the sale of goods and/or services within the specified market and geography through sales, grants, or donations in terms of the currency (in USD, unless otherwise specified). The revenues for a specified geography are consumption values that are revenues generated by organizations in the specified geography within the market, irrespective of where they are produced. It does not include revenues from resales along the supply chain, either further along the supply chain or as part of other products. The global antivirals market is segmented - 1) By Drug Class: DNA Polymerase Inhibitors, Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors, Protease Inhibitors, Neuraminidase Inhibitors, Other Drug Classes 2) By Application: HIV, Hepatitis, Herpes, Influenza, and Other Applications 3) By Type: Branded, Generic

Anti-hypertensive drugs refer to a group of medications used to treat high blood pressure (high blood pressure). The goal of antihypertensive therapy is to prevent the negative effects of high blood pressure, such as myocardial infarction and stroke. The main therapeutics of anti-hypertensive drugs are diuretics, angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, beta-blockers, alpha-blockers, calcium channel blockers, renin inhibitors, and vasodilators. Diuretics, also known as water pills, are medications that increase the amount of water and salt excreted by the body in the form of urine. The various sources of diseases include primary hypertension and secondary hypertension, which are treated in hospitals, clinics, and at home care. The anti-hypertensive drugs market research report is one of a series of new reports from The Business Research Company that provides anti-hypertensive drugs market statistics, including anti-hypertensive drugs industry global market size, regional shares, competitors with an anti-hypertensive drugs market share, detailed anti-hypertensive drugs market segments, market trends and opportunities, and any further data you may need to thrive in the anti-hypertensive drugs industry. This anti-hypertensive drugs market research report delivers a complete perspective of everything you need, with an in-depth analysis of the current and future scenario of the industry. The global anti-hypertensive drugs market size will grow from $37.65 billion in 2022 to $38.70 billion in 2023 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 2.8%. The Russia-Ukraine war disrupted the chances of global economic recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic, at least in the short term. The war between these two countries has led to economic sanctions on multiple countries, a surge in commodity prices, and supply chain disruptions, causing inflation across goods and services and affecting many markets across the globe. The global anti-hypertensive drugs market size is expected to grow to $41.19 billion in 2027 at a CAGR of 1.6%. A sedentary lifestyle is a major driver of the growth of the anti-hypertensive drug market. Consumption of junk food, lack of proper healthy and balanced diet, and lack of proper sleep due to irregular work shifts have contributed to the increase in hypertension. Hypertension is the underlying factor for at least 45% of deaths due to heart disease and 51% of deaths due to stroke. Once the patient is diagnosed with hypertension, patients are required to use the drugs to control hypertension based on the severity of the condition. Furthermore, in June 2021, according to the World Health Organization data 2021, a Switzerland-based Government agency responsible for international public health, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death globally, taking an estimated 17.9 million lives each year. This creates a sustainable demand for the product and acts as a prominent driver for the growth of the market. Low awareness of the antihypertensive drugs amongst the population is one of the major restraints in the anti-hypertensive drugs market. Firstly, most people in developing nations neglect their health checkups and are not aware of their existing hypertension condition in them until they detect extreme symptoms. Secondly, persons diagnosed with hypertension are not adherent to their medication schedule and stop taking medication after 1-2 weeks until symptoms return, thereby posing a huge challenge to the anti-hypertensive drugs market. For example, BMC Research notes published a research survey (from a developing country) which states that out of the total 112 hypertensive subjects with stroke, only 17% of them were adherent to antihypertensive medications. Lack of awareness and low drug adherence restraint the growth of the antihypertensive market. Of late, there has been a rise in the use of combination therapies compared to monotherapy treatment. Monotherapy is the treatment of hypertension with a single drug, while the use of combinations of drugs (Combination Therapy) allows for action on several different hypertensive mechanisms. When the two drugs are combined with different mechanisms of action, the effect is two to five times greater than monotherapy. Increasing the dose of monotherapy reduces coronary events by 29% and cerebrovascular events by 40%, while combining two antihypertensive agents with a different mechanism of action reduces coronary events by 40% and cerebrovascular events by 54%. Thus, the use of combination therapy provides greater protection to a target organ than increasing the dose of monotherapy. The trend of using combination therapy is thus more effective and is being widely accepted as well. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued guidance on developing fixed-combination drugs to treat hypertension. This primarily focuses on the clinical development of two-drug combinations of previously approved products. The US FDA expects to see a reduction in adverse effects for combinations that include doses below each drug’s maximum dose compared to single drug regimens at their maximum dose. Earlier physicians typically started a patient on a single drug and titrated up to a maximum dose before adding additional drugs to their program, current guidelines recommend starting patients on two drugs at less than their full doses. Hence, this guidance would keep a check on fixed-combination drugs. Major players in the anti-hypertensive drugs market are Merck & Co. Inc., Astra Zeneca PLC., Daiichi Sankyo Company Limited, Johnson & Johnson Ltd., Pfizer Inc., Novartis AG, Sanofi SA, United Therapeutics, Ranbaxy Laboratories, Bayer AG, Lupin Limited, Boehringer Engelheim GmbH, Sun Pharmaceuticals LLC, GlaxoSmithKline PLC, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Roche, Abbott, Gilead, Actelion, and Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. North America was the largest region in the anti-hypertensive drugs market in 2022. The Middle East is expected to be the largest growing region in the global anti-hypertensive drugs market during the forecast period. The regions covered in the global anti-hypertensive drugs market report are Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, South America, the Middle East, and Africa. The countries covered in the anti-hypertensive drugs market report are Australia, Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, Russia, South Korea, UK and USA. The anti-hypertensive drugs market consists of sales of thiazide-type diuretics, beta-blocker metoprolol, olmesartan, and HCTZ. Values in this market are factory gate values, that is the value of goods sold by the manufacturers or creators of the goods, whether to other entities (including downstream manufacturers, wholesalers, distributors and retailers) or directly to end customers. The value of goods in this market includes related services sold by the creators of the goods. The market value is defined as the revenues that enterprises gain from the sale of goods and/or services within the specified market and geography through sales, grants, or donations in terms of the currency (in USD, unless otherwise specified). The revenues for a specified geography are consumption values that are revenues generated by organizations in the specified geography within the market, irrespective of where they are produced. It does not include revenues from resales along the supply chain, either further along the supply chain or as part of other products. The global anti-hypertensive drugs market is segmented - 1) By Therapeutics: Diuretics, Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs), Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors, Beta Blockers, Alpha Blockers, Calcium Channel Blockers, Renin Inhibitors, Vasodilators 2) By Disease Source: Primary Hypertension, Secondary Hypertension 3) By End Users: Hospitals, Clinics, Homecare

The antiemetics and antinauseants refer to drugs that are used in the prophylaxis or management of vomiting that results from emetogenic chemotherapy, and for the management of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Antiemetic and antinauseant drugs prevent, control, or treat, nausea and vomiting caused in general or by other medications, frequent motion sickness, infections, stomach flu, or chemotherapy. These drugs reduced the symptoms of nausea or vomiting by blocking signal messages to the part of the brain that controls nausea and vomiting. The main types of drugs in antiemetics and antinauseants are dopamine antagonists, nk1 receptor antagonists, antihistamines (h1 histamine receptor antagonists), cannabinoids, and benzodiazepines, anticholinergics, steroids, 5-ht3 receptor antagonists, and others. A dopamine antagonist also referred to as an anti-dopaminergic or a dopamine receptor antagonist, is a medication that works by blocking dopamine receptors. It is used in chemotherapy, motion sickness, gastroenteritis, general anesthetics, opioid analgesics, dizziness, pregnancy, food poisoning, emotional stress, and others and is implemented in various sectors such as hospitals, medical centers, clinics, and research institutes. The antiemetics and antinauseants market research report are one of a series of new reports from The Business Research Company that provides antiemetics and antinauseants market statistics, including antiemetics and antinauseants industry global market size, regional shares, competitors with antiemetics and antinauseants market share, detailed antiemetics and antinauseants market segments, market trends and opportunities, and any further data you may need to thrive in the antiemetics and antinauseants industry. This antiemetics and antinauseants market research report delivers a complete perspective of everything you need, with an in-depth analysis of the current and future scenario of the industry. The global antiemetics and antinauseants market size will grow from $7.76 billion in 2022 to $8.09 billion in 2023 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4.3%. The Russia-Ukraine war disrupted the chances of global economic recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic, at least in the short term. The war between these two countries has led to economic sanctions on multiple countries, a surge in commodity prices, and supply chain disruptions, causing inflation across goods and services and affecting many markets across the globe. The global antiemetics and antinauseants market size is expected to grow to $9.12 billion in 2027 at a CAGR of 3.0%. The antiemetics and antinauseants market is driven by the increase in the prevalence rate of cancer. Chemotherapy is one of the most recommended treatments to cure cancer, and chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) are some of the side effects of the treatment. Antiemetics can help prevent CINV in about 60%-70% of patients. According to the WHO reports, the incidence of cancer globally has risen to 18.1 million new cases and 9.6 million deaths. According to another report by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, about 650,000 cancer patients in the USA receive chemotherapy in an outpatient oncology clinic each year. The CINV caused by chemotherapy treatments is cured by using antiemetic and antinauseant drugs like Dolasetron (Anzemet), Ranitidine (Zantac), and other serotonin 5-HT3 receptor types of antagonists. An increase in the incidence of cancer will increase demand for antiemetics and antinauseants, thereby driving revenue for the market. Lack of awareness about the variety of antiemetic and antinauseant drugs that are available in the market among the practitioners restrains the market. Despite the presence of a range of drugs, the practitioners prescribe similar drugs to treat patients with different conditions of nausea. The popularity of only a few drugs leads to lower demand for other drugs and thus restricts the overall growth of this market. For example, the American Society of Clinical Oncology released its first guideline in the ‘Choosing Wisely’ (CW) campaign to prevent and discourage the overuse of expensive and similar kinds of antiemetic drugs for all ailments. Manufacturers are exploiting nanotechnology in the antiemetics and antinauseants market to deliver therapeutic agents to specifically targeted sites in a controlled manner through Nanomedicine and Nano delivery systems. Nanomedicine is the medical application of nanotechnology which uses nanoparticles to enhance the action of the drug in treatment and nanotechnology is the design, characterization, production, and application of devices, structures, and systems by controlled manipulation of size and shape at the nanometer scale. The antiemetic and antinauseant drug manufacturers are inclining more toward the use of Nanomedicine or Nano drugs to make the drug effective and increase their revenues. For instance, Merck & Co., an American multinational pharmaceutical company manufactured Aprepitant under the brand name Emend. It is the first FDA-approved drug for the prevention of acute chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) that uses nanotechnology to increase the absorption of the drug more easily and efficiently. The antiemetics and antinauseants market is regulated by government agencies such as US Food and Drug Administration. In the USA, title 21 of the Food and Drug Administration Department of Health and Human Services, U.S. part 336, contains conditions that all Antiemetic and Antinauseant drugs are required to fulfil to remain in the market, such as definitions, regulations, and regulations related to the labelling of the antiemetic drug products. Major players in the antiemetics and antinauseants market are Johnson & Johnson, Sanofi-Aventis, Pfizer, GlaxoSmithKline, Abbott Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Merck, Eisai, Bristol-Myers Squibb, and SRS Pharmaceuticals. North America was the largest region in the drugs for antiemetics and antinauseants market in 2022. The Middle East is expected to be the fastest-growing region in the global antiemetics and antinauseants market. The regions covered in the global antiemetics and antinauseants market report are Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, South America, the Middle East, and Africa. The countries covered in the antiemetics and antinauseants market report are Australia, Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, Russia, South Korea, UK, USA. The antimetics and antinauseants market consists of sales of dopamine, serotonin, neurokinin, histamine, and acetylcholine. Values in this market are factory gate values, that is the value of goods sold by the manufacturers or creators of the goods, whether to other entities (including downstream manufacturers, wholesalers, distributors and retailers) or directly to end customers. The value of goods in this market includes related services sold by the creators of the goods. The market value is defined as the revenues that enterprises gain from the sale of goods and/or services within the specified market and geography through sales, grants, or donations in terms of the currency (in USD, unless otherwise specified). The revenues for a specified geography are consumption values that are revenues generated by organizations in the specified geography within the market, irrespective of where they are produced. It does not include revenues from resales along the supply chain, either further along the supply chain or as part of other products. The global antiemetics and antinauseants market is segmented - 1) By Drug: Dopamine antagonists, NK1 receptor antagonist, Antihistamines (H1 histamine receptor antagonists), Cannabinoids, Benzodiazepines, Anticholinergics, Steroids, 5-HT3 receptor antagonists, Other Drug Types 2) By Application: Chemotherapy, Motion sickness, Gastroenteritis, General anaesthetics, Opioid analgesics, Dizziness, Pregnancy, Food poisoning, Emotional stress, Other Application Types 3) By End Users: Hospital, Medical Center, Clinic, Research Institutes

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) refer to medications that are specifically designed to administer chemotherapy to cancer cells. ADCs deliver chemotherapy via a linker connected to a monoclonal antibody that binds to a specific target expressed on cancer cells.As soon as the ADC binds to its target (a cancer protein or receptor), a cytotoxic chemical is released into the cancer cell. The main types of antibody-drug conjugates are monoclonal antibodies, linkers, drugs or toxins, and others. Monoclonal antibodies are created by cloning a single white blood cell. Every subsequent antibody generated in this manner may be traced back to a single parent cell. The different products include Adcertis, Kadcyla, and others and involve various technologies such as immunogen technology, Seattle genetics technology, immunomedics technology, and others. It is used in blood cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, lung cancer, brain tumours, and others, and is implemented in hospitals, clinics, and others. The antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) market research report is one of a series of new reports from The Business Research Company that provides antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) market statistics, including antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) industry global market size, regional shares, competitors with an antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) market share, detailed antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) market segments, market trends and opportunities, and any further data you may need to thrive in the antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) industry. This antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) market research report delivers a complete perspective of everything you need, with an in-depth analysis of the current and future scenarios of the industry.. The global antibody drug conjugates market grew from $5.9 billion in 2022 to $7.2 billion in 2023 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 22.1%. The Russia-Ukraine war disrupted the chances of global economic recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic, at least in the short term. The war between these two countries has led to economic sanctions on multiple countries, a surge in commodity prices, and supply chain disruptions, causing inflation across goods and services and affecting many markets across the globe. The antibody drug conjugates market is expected to grow from $16.15 billion in 2027 at a CAGR of 22.4%. The antibody-drug conjugates market is being driven by rising incidences of cancer globally. The major causes of most cancers include obesity, smoking, alcohol, and improper eating habits. Cancer Research UK predicts that there will be 27.5 million new cases of cancer each year by 2040. The rising incidences of cancer are expected to increase the demand for antibody-drug conjugates, driving the market's growth. The challenges involved in the manufacturing of ADCs is acting as a restraint on the antibody drug conjugates market. ADC manufacturing facilities necessitate a significant capital investment as well as extensive specialised training for operators. ADC process development is complicated as it requires optimization of additional process steps that are not present in conventional monoclonal antibody manufacturing, such as the antibody-drug conjugation reaction and subsequent drug substance purification. Also, antibody-drug conjugates must be manufactured in aseptic environments, and operating personnel should be protected from the highly toxic drug compounds, thereby presenting operational difficulties. Manufacturers of antibody-drug conjugates are increasingly collaborating or partnering with other companies to share technology, resources, and product knowledge and expand the business. For instance, in March 2022, Sanofi, a France-based multinational pharmaceutical and healthcare company, collaborated with a US-based biotechnology company, Seagen Inc., to create up to three cancer targets for antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), develop them, and market them. The collaboration would make use of the exclusive monoclonal antibody (mAb) technology from Sanofi and the exclusive ADC technology from Seagen. Through this cooperation, candidate medications with the potential to give cancer patients and their families fresh hope would be created via the synergistic combination of molecules and platforms. Manufacturers of antibody-drug conjugates are monitored by various regulatory bodies, such as the Food and Drug Administration in the USA. In the USA, there is no specific regulatory guidance for the industry on ADC development, and the FDA follows existing guidelines for small drugs and monoclonal antibodies to regulate ADC. The product quality offices at the FDA, such as the Office of Biotechnology Products (OBP) and Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, primarily focus on the manufacturing of the antibody component of the ADC and the control strategy for the antibody intermediate, as well as for the drug substance (DS) and drug product (DP). The small molecule review groups in the Office of Pharmaceutical Quality bear primary responsibility for the review of the adequacy of the payload and linker, conjugation reactions, and aspects of the control strategy. Major players in the antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) market are Bayer AG, Concortis Biotherapeutics, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Immunomedics Inc., Oxford BioTherapeutics, Pfizer Inc., Seattle Genetics Inc., Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Abbvie Inc., and Astellas Pharma/Agensys. North America was the largest region in the antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) market in 2022. The Middle East is expected to be the fastest growing region in the global antibody drug conjugates market during the forecast period. The regions covered in the global antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) market report are Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, South America, the Middle East, and Africa. The countries covered in the antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) market report are Australia, Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, Russia, South Korea, the UK, and the USA. The antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) market consists of sales of enfortumab vedotin, sacituzumab govitecan, trastuzumab emtansine, and trastuzumab deruxtecan. Values in this market are "factory gate values," that is, the value of goods sold by the manufacturers or creators of the goods, whether to other entities (including downstream manufacturers, wholesalers, distributors, and retailers) or directly to end customers. The value of goods in this market includes related services sold by the creators of the goods. The market value is defined as the revenues that enterprises gain from the sale of goods and/or services within the specified market and geography through sales, grants, or donations in terms of the currency (in USD, unless otherwise specified). The revenues for a specified geography are consumption values that are revenues generated by organisations in the specified geography within the market, irrespective of where they are produced. It does not include revenues from resales along the supply chain, either further along the chain or as part of other products. The global antibody drug conjugates market is segmented - 1) By Type: Monoclonal Antibodies, Linker, Drug/Toxin, Other Types 2) By Application: Blood Cancer, Breast Cancer, Ovarian Cancer, Lung Cancer, Brain Tumor, Other Applications 3) By Product: Adcertis, Kadcyla, Other Products 4) By Technology: Immunogen Technology, Seattle Genetics Technology, Immunomedics Technology, Other Technology 5) By End User: Hospital, Clinics, Other End Users

Antidepressants refer to a medication that aids in the treatment of depressive symptoms. Additionally, they can aid in the treatment of SAD, other anxiety disorders, and social anxiety disorder. Unpleasant side effects are possible with antidepressants. Initially, signs and symptoms including nausea, weight gain, or sleep issues can be prevalent. The main product types of antidepressants are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI), tricyclic antidepressant (TCA), and monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI). SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) are a type of medication that is commonly used to treat depression and a few other mental illnesses. The various drug class includes monoamine oxidase inhibitors, serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitors, serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and tricyclic antidepressants that are used for the treatment of the major depressive disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and panic disorder. The antidepressants market research report is one of a series of new reports from The Business Research Company that provides antidepressants market statistics, including antidepressants industry global market size, regional shares, competitors with an antidepressants market share, detailed antidepressants market segments, market trends, and opportunities, and any further data you may need to thrive in the antidepressants industry. This antidepressants market research report delivers a complete perspective of everything you need, with an in-depth analysis of the current and future scenarios of the industry. The global antidepressants market grew from $16.44 billion in 2022 to $17.41 billion in 2023 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.9%. The Russia-Ukraine war disrupted the chances of global economic recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic, at least in the short term. The war between these two countries has led to economic sanctions on multiple countries, a surge in commodity prices, and supply chain disruptions, causing inflation across goods and services and affecting many markets across the globe. The antidepressants market is expected to grow from $25.52 billion in 2027 at a CAGR of 10.0%. The antidepressants market has also surged during the COVID-19 outbreak. The increasing number of cases and fatalities is affecting mental health by elevating anxiety worldwide. People who are already living with mental health problems are experiencing increased stress levels over the COVID-19 outbreak. This has triggered the demand for antidepressant drugs. Globally, rising cases of mental health disorders are the key factor in the growth of the antidepressant drug industry, as many customers rely on these medications to counter depression, anxiety disorder, and other mental diseases. Antidepressant medications are used in conditions such as depression, OCD, childhood enuresis, major depressive disorder, severe anxiety disorder, bipolar disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and social anxiety disorder. Globally, the percentage of people with depression varies from 2% to 6%, and the elderly are at greater risk of depression compared to other age groups. According to WHO, in 2020, about 264 million people of all ages worldwide suffered from depression. Therefore, rising cases of mental health disorders are expected to drive the growth of the antidepressant market. The side effects of antidepressant drugs are a key factor hampering the growth of the antidepressant market. For instance, the antidepressants Lexapro (escitalopram) and Celexa (citalopram), both are used to treat depression and Lexapro also helps for treating anxiety. Lexapro and Celexa can cause side effects common to others which include nausea, sleeplessness, sweating, dry mouth, and drowsiness. Celexa and Lexapro are both at risk for even more serious side effects including excessive bleeding, seizures, and vision issues. Therefore, the side effects of antidepressant drugs are expected to limit the growth of the antidepressant market. The treatment of resistant depression is a key trend in the antidepressant market. Ketamine is the new treatment that is used for anesthesia during surgery, stimulates the development of glutamate, and prompts the brain to form new neural connections. It makes the brain more adaptable and capable of developing new pathways and helps people to create more optimistic thoughts and behaviors. For instance, Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved a new ketamine depression drug esketamine which is one-half of the ketamine compound. The drug must be administered as a nasal spray and patients must be taking another antidepressant at the same time. Also, the drugs can be prescribed to only those patients who have (unsuccessfully) tried two antidepressants before. In October 2021, ShineCo., Inc., a producer and distributor of Chinese herbal medicines, organic agricultural and hemp products, and other biotech products, announced that it has entered into a framework agreement to acquire a majority stake in Beijing Wonner Biotech Co., Ltd., for a deal amount of $30 million. Through this acquisition, Shineco aims to jointly develop SNG, a rapid-acting antidepressant natural innovative medicine. Beijing Winner is a biotechnology company based in China that specializes in the research and development of natural medicines and related products. Major players in the antidepressants market are Allergan PLC., AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly and Company, GlaxoSmithKline PLC., H. Lundbeck AS, Johnson & Johnson, Pfizer Inc., Merck & Co. Inc., Sanofi, Sun Pharmaceuticals Pvt Ltd., Alkermes, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, Eli Lilly and Co., Takeda Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Forest laboratories and Akeda Pharmaceutical. North America was the largest region in the antidepressants market in 2022. Middle East is expected to be the largest growing region in the global antidepressants market during the forecast period. The regions covered in the global antidepressants market report are Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, South America, the Middle East, and Africa. The countries covered in the antidepressants market report are Australia, Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, Russia, South Korea, UK and USA. The antidepressants market consists of sales of duloxetine, desvenlafaxine, vilazodone, citalopram, and sertraline. Values in this market are factory gate values, that is the value of goods sold by the manufacturers or creators of the goods, whether to other entities (including downstream manufacturers, wholesalers, distributors and retailers) or directly to end customers. The value of goods in this market includes related services sold by the creators of the goods. The market value is defined as the revenues that enterprises gain from the sale of goods and/or services within the specified market and geography through sales, grants, or donations in terms of the currency (in USD, unless otherwise specified). The revenues for a specified geography are consumption values that are revenues generated by organizations in the specified geography within the market, irrespective of where they are produced. It does not include revenues from resales along the supply chain, either further along the supply chain or as part of other products. The global antidepressants market is segmented - 1) By Product: Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI), Serotonin-norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor (SNRI), Tricyclic Antidepressant (TCA), Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor (MAOI) 2) By Drug Class: Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors, Serotonin Antagonist And Reuptake Inhibitors, Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors, Tricyclic Antidepressants 3) By Depressive Disorder: Major Depressive Disorder, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Panic Disorder

Antisense therapy refers to the selective, sequence-specific suppression of gene expression by single-stranded DNA oligonucleotides. Contrarily, RNA interference (RNAi) is activated by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and results in the sequence-specific mRNA degradation of single-stranded target RNAs. The main technologies of antisense & RNAi therapeutics are RNA interference and antisense RNA. RNA interference is a conserved biological response to double-stranded RNA that mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids and regulates protein-coding gene expression. The various route of administration includes pulmonary delivery, intravenous injections, intra-dermal injections, intraperitoneal injections, topical delivery, and other delivery methods that are used for the indication of oncology, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), respiratory disorders, neurological disorders, infectious diseases, other. The antisense & RNAi therapeutics market research report is one of a series of new reports from The Business Research Company that provides antisense & RNAi therapeutics market statistics, including antisense & RNAi therapeutics industry global market size, regional shares, competitors with antisense & RNAi therapeutics market share, detailed antisense & RNAi therapeutics market segments, market trends and opportunities, and any further data you may need to thrive in the antisense & RNAi therapeutics industry. This antisense & RNAi therapeutics market research report delivers a complete perspective of everything you need, with an in-depth analysis of the current and future scenarios of the industry. The global antisense & rnai therapeutics market grew from $1.42 billion in 2022 to $1.54 billion in 2023 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.0%. The Russia-Ukraine war disrupted the chances of global economic recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic, at least in the short term. The war between these two countries has led to economic sanctions on multiple countries, a surge in commodity prices, and supply chain disruptions, causing inflation across goods and services and affecting many markets across the globe. The antisense & rnai therapeutics market is expected to grow from $2.42 billion in 2027 at a CAGR of 12.0%. The rising prevalence of coronary artery diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and infectious diseases is projected to contribute to the demand for the antisense & RNAi therapeutics market. Gene suppression approaches including RNA interference and antisense oligonucleotides are used for the treatment of various neurodegenerative conditions by repairing mutant genes. According to the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease are the most common neurodegenerative diseases affecting millions of people globally. In the USA, around 930,000 people had Parkinson’s disease by the end of 2020. Furthermore, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), infectious diseases are a major concern and dominated the WHO’s list of health threats ranging from various climate change issues to inadequate healthcare facilities. Hence, the growing prevalence of several neurodegenerative diseases and infectious diseases is expected to drive the growth of the antisense & RNAi therapeutics market. The high cost of RNA interference-based drugs is expected to act as a major restraint on the growth of the antisense & RNAi therapeutics market in the future. For instance, according to Future Medicine, the price of Onpattro is approximately $450,000 per year. Onpattro (patisaran) is the RNA interference-based drug used for the treatment of polyneuropathy of hereditary transthyretin-mediated (hATTR) amyloidosis in adults. Stringent regulations, a long product approval process, high development cost, and a comparably small number of patients are a few factors leading to the high cost of RNA interference drugs, which is expected to hinder the antisense & RNAi therapeutics market growth in upcoming years. Major companies operating in the antisense & RNAi therapeutics market are undertaking strategic initiatives such as collaborations and partnerships for product innovation to sustain in the increasingly competitive market, companies are developing innovative products as well as sharing skills and expertise with other companies. While companies have long collaborated as well as with academic and research institutions in this market by way of partnerships, and in or out-licensing deals. This trend has been increasing over recent years. For instance, in August 2020, Blackstone Life Sciences, a global investment company, and Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Inc., an RNAi therapeutics company, announced the closing of a $2 billion strategic financing collaboration to accelerate the advancement and development of RNAi therapeutics. Under the agreement, Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Inc. will receive $150 million from Blackstone Life Sciences for the development of vutrisiran and ALN-AGT, Alnylam’s cardiometabolic disease programs. In 2020, Aro Biotherapeutics Company has announced a licensing and collaboration agreement with Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., the market leader in RNA-targeted therapeutics, under which Ionis will use Aro's CENTYRINTM technology to develop targeted cell- and tissue-specific delivery of antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs). In December 2021, AstraZeneca PLC., a UK-based pharmaceutical and biotechnology company, announced a strategic partnership with Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a US-based biopharmaceutical company pioneering in the discovery and development of RNA-based therapeutics and drugs. Under this strategic partnership, Eplontersen will be developed and commercialized by the two businesses together in the US and by AstraZeneca in all other regions outside of Latin America. Major players in the antisense & RNAi therapeutics market are Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Benitec Biopharma Ltd., Gene Signal, GlaxoSmithKline PLC., Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Marina Biosciences, Quark Pharmaceuticals, Sanofi S.A, Acuitas Therapeutics and Antisense Therapeutics Ltd. North America was the largest region in the antisense & RNAi therapeutics market in 2022. The regions covered in the global antisense & RNAi therapeutics market report are Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, South America, the Middle East, and Africa. The countries covered in the global antisense & RNAi therapeutics market report are Australia, Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, Russia, South Korea, UK and USA. The antisense and RNAi therapeutics market includes revenues earned by entities by regulating gene expression at multiple levels, such as at replication, transcription, and translation. The market value includes the value of related goods sold by the service provider or included within the service offering. Only goods and services traded between entities or sold to end consumers are included. The market value is defined as the revenues that enterprises gain from the sale of goods and/or services within the specified market and geography through sales, grants, or donations in terms of the currency (in USD, unless otherwise specified). The revenues for a specified geography are consumption values – that is, they are revenues generated by organizations in the specified geography within the specified market, irrespective of where they are produced.It does not include revenues from resales either further along the supply chain or as part of other products. The global antisense & rnai therapeutics market is segmented - 1) By Technology: RNA Interference, Antisense RNA 2) By Route of Administration: Pulmonary Delivery, Intravenous Injections, Intra-dermal Injections, Intraperitoneal Injections, Topical Delivery, Other Delivery Methods 3) By Indication: Oncology, Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs), Respiratory Disorders, Neurological Disorders, Infectious Diseases, Other Indications

The antifungal drugs refer to drugs that are used to detect and eliminate fungal pathogens. The fungal pathogens thrive in the body in unhygienic and unclean environments. These drugs are also known as antimycotic medications, used to treat and prevent mycoses such as athlete's foot, ringworm, candidiasis (thrush), and serious systemic infections such as cryptococcal meningitis, and others. The main types of drugs in antifungals are echinocandins, azoles, polyenes, and allylamines. Echinocandins are a new type of antifungal medication that works by inhibiting the formation of 1,3-D-glucan, a key component of the fungal cell wall, in an entirely fungal-specific manner. The different routes of administration include oral, parenteral, and topical and involve various therapeutic indications such as aspergillosis, dermatophytosis, candidiasis, and others. The several sectors include hospitals and clinics, dermatology clinics, and other users. The antifungals market research report is one of a series of new reports from The Business Research Company that provides antifungals market statistics, including antifungals industry global market size, regional shares, competitors with antifungals market share, detailed antifungals market segments, market trends, and opportunities, and any further data you may need to thrive in the antifungals industry. This antifungals market research report delivers a complete perspective of everything you need, with an in-depth analysis of the current and future scenario of the industry. The global antifungals market size will grow from $31.12 billion in 2022 to $35.19 billion in 2023 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 13.1%. The Russia-Ukraine war disrupted the chances of global economic recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic, at least in the short term. The war between these two countries has led to economic sanctions on multiple countries, a surge in commodity prices, and supply chain disruptions, causing inflation across goods and services and affecting many markets across the globe. The global antifungals market size is expected to grow to $54.88 billion in 2027 at a CAGR of 11.8%. A point prevalence survey was conducted in Turkey. According to the survey, antifungal drugs were mostly prescribed in pediatrichematology and oncology (PHO) units (35.2%), followed by neonatal ICUs (NICUs) (19.6%). The other units prescribing antifungal drugs included pediatric services (18.3%), pediatric ICUs (PICUs) (14.6%), and hematopoietic (HSCT) units (7.3%). According to the same survey, the antifungals were used for prophylaxis in 48.8% of patients and about 50% of patients were treated with antifungal drugs based on observation. Among 50% of patients, who were treated post-observation, around 18.8% of patients have prescribed an antifungal therapy, and 31.2% of patients were targeted for the treatments. The increasing prevalence of fungal infections is expected to propel the growth of the antifungals market. Diseases such as SARS, Zika virus, Ebola and COVID-19 have increasingly led to infections in various parts of the world, leading to an increase in the global disease burden. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), in 2022, over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of fungal infections increased markedly amongst hospitalized patients. In addition, according to a 2022 article published in British weekly scientific journal, Nature, there was a spike in invasive Candida infections in patients with COVID-19 in the intensive care units (ICUs) of Wuhan, China. Additionally, during the second wave of the pandemic, India reported more than 47,500 cases of COVID-19 associated mucormycosis between May and August 2021. Hence, the increasing incidence of fungal infections is expected to drive the market in the forecast period. Antifungal drug manufacturers are offering skimming prices for branded drugs. The discovery, development, and manufacturing processes of branded drugs generally require high investments. As a result, companies in the market offer branded drugs at the highest initial prices and implement other pricing strategies to ensure the product stays competitive at a high price. Price skimming is a pricing strategy in which a company charges a high initial price and then gradually lowers the price to attract more price-sensitive customers. It is used to maximize profits when a new product is introduced in the market. Manufacturers and marketers of branded drugs should consider adopting the price skimming strategy for branded drugs. They should price these branded drugs high to recover the high costs incurred during drug development and manufacturing. Drug developers and manufacturers are scaling up the various departments such as research and development, marketing, and manufacturing through collaborations and strategic partnerships with other companies and research institutes, to expand their product portfolios. So, companies in the anti-infective drugs market should consider strategic collaborations to broaden their scope and product portfolios to increase revenues and stay competitive in the market. Major players in the antifungals market are Pfizer, Novartis, Merck & Co., Bayer Healthcare and Abbott Laboratories, Sanofi-Aventis, Kramer Laboratories, GlaxoSmithKline Gilead, Enzon Pharmaceuticals Inc., and Basilea Pharmaceuticals AG. North America was the largest region in the drugs for antifungals market in 2022. The Middle East is expected to be the fastest-growing region in the global antifungals market. The regions covered in the global antifungals market report are Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, South America, the Middle East, and Africa. The countries covered in the antifungals market report are Australia, Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, Russia, South Korea, the UK, and the USA. The antifungal market consists of sales of clotrimazole, miconazole, and ketoconazole. Values in this market are factory gate values, that is the value of goods sold by the manufacturers or creators of the goods, whether to other entities (including downstream manufacturers, wholesalers, distributors, and retailers) or directly to end customers. The value of goods in this market includes related services sold by the creators of the goods. The market value is defined as the revenues that enterprises gain from the sale of goods and/or services within the specified market and geography through sales, grants, or donations in terms of the currency (in USD, unless otherwise specified). The revenues for a specified geography are consumption values that are revenues generated by organizations in the specified geography within the market, irrespective of where they are produced. It does not include revenues from resales along the supply chain, either further along the supply chain or as part of other products. The global antifungals market is segmented - 1) By Drug Type: Echinocandins, Azoles, Polyenes, Allylamines 2) End users: Hospitals & Clinics, Dermatology clinics, Other Users 3) By Route of Administration: Oral, Parenteral, Topical 4) By Therapeutic Indications: Aspergillosis, Dermatophytosis, Candidiasis, Other Therapeutic Indications

Anti-thyroid drugs refer to agents that function by preventing the manufacture of thyroid hormones or by reducing the action of thyroid hormones. Additionally, they are suggested for use in radioactive iodine uptake tests to assess thyroid function and safeguard the thyroid gland in case of radiation exposure. The main types of anti-thyroid drugs are thionamides (inhibition of hormone synthesis) and iodides (inhibition of hormone release). Ethionamide drugs pharmacologically normalize thyroid hormone levels. The drugs are administered orally, and intravenously, and others are distributed by wholesalers/distributors, retail chains, online distribution, and others. The anti-thyroid drugs market research report is one of a series of new reports from The Business Research Company that provides anti-thyroid drugs market statistics, including anti-thyroid drugs industry global market size, regional shares, competitors with an anti-thyroid drugs market share, detailed anti-thyroid drugs market segments, market trends and opportunities, and any further data you may need to thrive in the anti-thyroid drugs industry. This anti-thyroid drugs market research report delivers a complete perspective of everything you need, with an in-depth analysis of the current and future scenario of the industry. The global anti-thyroid drugs market size will grow from $2.45 billion in 2022 to $2.52 billion in 2023 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 3.0%. The Russia-Ukraine war disrupted the chances of global economic recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic, at least in the short term. The war between these two countries has led to economic sanctions on multiple countries, a surge in commodity prices, and supply chain disruptions, causing inflation across goods and services and affecting many markets across the globe. The global anti-thyroid drugs market size is expected to grow to $2.78 billion in 2027 at a CAGR of 2.5%. Graves’ disease is one of the direct causes of hyperthyroidism and the incidence of Graves’ disease increasing. According to a research study published in 2020, in developed countries, Graves' disease (GD) is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism. It is more common between the ages of 30 and 60, and women are 5–10 times more likely than men. Genetic predisposition accounts for 79% of the risk for GD, while environmental factors account for 21%. Owing to the rising number of Grave’s disease, people suffering from hyperthyroidism are also increasing. This results in the overall growth in the demand for anti-thyroid drugs thereby driving the market. The anti-thyroid drugs market is being restrained by the side effects of medication used to treat hyperthyroidism conditions. There are many side effects associated with the medication used to treat hyperthyroidism. For instance, according to a study it was found that the two most commonly used anti-thyroid medications propylthiouracil (PTU) and methimazole (MMI) cause hepatotoxicity and death in children and major abnormalities in the fetus. Associations for thyroid care are launching initiatives to spread more awareness about thyroid disorders, updates on the recent treatment methods, and other summaries regarding various research on thyroid disorders. In the USA, nearly 60% of the population suffering from hyperthyroidism are unaware and remain undiagnosed. To curb these issues, associations including the American Thyroid Association (ATA) are making an impact by educating people about thyroid disorders. Similarly, the Thyroid Foundation of Canada has also initiated awareness to awaken public interest and awareness about thyroid diseases including hyperthyroidism. Other associations that are launching initiatives and awareness programs include the American Academy of Otolaryngology and the British Thyroid Foundation among others. Major players in the anti-thyroid drugs market are Mylan N.V., Abbott Laboratories, GlaxoSmithKline PLC., Merck & Co., AbbVie Inc., Pfizer Inc., Allergan PLC, RLC LABS, Amgen Inc., and Lannett Company Inc. North America was the largest region in the anti-thyroid drugs market in 2022. The Middle East is expected to be the fastest-growing region in the global anti-thyroid drugs market during the forecast period. The regions covered in the global anti-thyroid drugs market report are Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, South America, the Middle East, and Africa. The countries covered in the market report are Australia, Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, Russia, South Korea, UK and USA. The anti-thyroid drugs market consists of sales of levothyroxine, propylthiouracil, and methimazole. Values in this market are factory gate values, that is the value of goods sold by the manufacturers or creators of the goods, whether to other entities (including downstream manufacturers, wholesalers, distributors and retailers) or directly to end customers. The value of goods in this market includes related services sold by the creators of the goods. The market value is defined as the revenues that enterprises gain from the sale of goods and/or services within the specified market and geography through sales, grants, or donations in terms of the currency (in USD, unless otherwise specified). The revenues for a specified geography are consumption values that are revenues generated by organizations in the specified geography within the market, irrespective of where they are produced. It does not include revenues from resales along the supply chain, either further along the supply chain or as part of other products. The global anti-thyroid drugs market is segmented - 1) By Drug Type: Thionamides (Inhibition of hormone synthesis), Iodides (Inhibition of hormone release) 2) By Route of Administration: Oral, Intravenous, Other Route of Adminitration 3) By Distribution Channel: Wholesaler/Distributors, Retail Chain, Online Distribution, Other Distribution Channels