1. Executive Summary 2. Report Structure
3. Cardiovascular Devices Market Characteristics
3.1. Market Definition
3.2. Key Segmentations
4. Cardiovascular Devices Market Product Analysis
4.1. Leading Products/ Services
4.2. Key Features and Differentiators
4.3. Development Products
5. Cardiovascular Devices Market Supply Chain
5.1. Supply Chain
5.2. Distribution
5.3. End Customers
6. Cardiovascular Devices Market Customer Information
6.1. Customer Preferences
6.2. End Use Market Size and Growth
7. Cardiovascular Devices Market Trends And Strategies
8. Cardiovascular Devices Market– Macro Economic Scenario
8.1 COVID-19 Impact On Cardiovascular Devices Market
8.2 Ukraine-Russia War Impact On Cardiovascular Devices Market
8.3 Impact Of High Inflation On Cardiovascular Devices Market
9. Cardiovascular Devices Market Size And Growth
9.1. Market Size
9.2. Historic Market Growth, Value ($ Billion)
9.2.1. Drivers Of The Market
9.2.2. Restraints On The Market
9.3. Forecast Market Growth, Value ($ Billion)
9.3.1. Drivers Of The Market
9.3.2. Restraints On The Market
10. Cardiovascular Devices Market Regional Analysis
10.1. Global Cardiovascular Devices Market, 2022, By Region, Value ($ Billion)
10.2. Global Cardiovascular Devices Market, 2017-2022, 2022-2027F, 2032F, Historic And Forecast, By Region
10.3. Global Cardiovascular Devices Market, Growth And Market Share Comparison, By Region
11. Cardiovascular Devices Market Segmentation
11.1. Global Cardiovascular Devices Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2017-2022, 2022-2027F, 2032F, $ Billion
Cardiovascular Surgery Devices And Equipment
Cardiac Rhythm Management (CRM) Devices And Equipment
Interventional Cardiology Devices And Equipment
Defibrillator Devices And Equipment
Peripheral Vascular Devices And Equipment
Prosthetic Heart Valve Devices And Equipment
Electrophysiology Devices And Equipment
Cardiac Assist Devices And Equipment
11.2. Global Cardiovascular Devices Market, Segmentation By End User, Historic and Forecast, 2017-2022, 2022-2027F, 2032F, $ Billion
Hospitals And Clinics
Diagnostic Laboratories
Other End Users
11.3. Global Cardiovascular Devices Market, Segmentation By Type of Expenditure, Historic and Forecast, 2017-2022, 2022-2027F, 2032F, $ Billion
Public
Private
11.4. Global Cardiovascular Devices Market, Segmentation By Product, Historic and Forecast, 2017-2022, 2022-2027F, 2032F, $ Billion
Instruments/Equipment
Disposables
12. Cardiovascular Devices Market Metrics
12.1. Cardiovascular Devices Market Size, Percentage Of GDP, 2017-2027, Global
12.2. Per Capita Average Cardiovascular Devices Market Expenditure, 2017-2027, Global
13. Asia-Pacific Cardiovascular Devices Market
13.1. Asia-Pacific Cardiovascular Devices Market Overview
Region Information, Impact Of COVID-19, Market Information, Background Information, Government Initiatives, Regulations, Regulatory Bodies, Major Associations, Taxes Levied, Corporate Tax Structure, Investments, Major Companies
13.2. Asia-Pacific, Cardiovascular Devices Market, 2022, By Country, Value ($ Billion)
13.3. Asia-Pacific, Cardiovascular Devices Market, 2017-2022, 2022-2027F, 2032F, Historic And Forecast, By Country
13.4. Asia-Pacific, Cardiovascular Devices Market, 2017-2022, 2022-2027F, 2032F, Growth And Market Share Comparison, By Country
13.5. Asia-Pacific, Cardiovascular Devices Market Metrics
13.5.1. Cardiovascular Devices Market Size, Percentage Of GDP, 2017-2027, Asia-Pacific Countries
13.5.2. Number of Enterprises, Cardiovascular Devices Market, Cardiovascular Devices Market/Number of Enterprises, 2022, Asia-Pacific Countries
13.5.3. Number of Employees, Cardiovascular Devices Market, Cardiovascular Devices Market/Number of Employees, 2022, Asia-Pacific Countries
13.6. Asia-Pacific Cardiovascular Devices Market, Segmentation By Type, 2017-2022, 2022-2027F, 2032F, Value ($ Billion)
13.7. Asia-Pacific Cardiovascular Devices Market: Country Analysis
13.7.1. China Cardiovascular Devices Market
13.7.1.1. China Cardiovascular Devices Market Overview
13.7.1.2. China Cardiovascular Devices Market, 2017-2022, 2022-2027F, 2032F, Value ($ Billion)
13.7.1.3. China Cardiovascular Devices Market, Segmentation By Type, 2017-2022, 2022-2027F, 2032F, Value ($ Billion)
13.7.2. Australia Cardiovascular Devices Market
13.7.2.1. Australia Cardiovascular Devices Market, 2017-2022, 2022-2027F, 2032F, Value ($ Billion)
13.7.2.2. Australia Cardiovascular Devices Market, Segmentation By Type, 2017-2022, 2022-2027F, 2032F, Value ($ Billion)
13.7.3. Hong Kong Cardiovascular Devices Market
13.7.3.1. Hong Kong Cardiovascular Devices Market, 2017-2022, 2022-2027F, 2032F, Value ($ Billion)
13.7.4. India Cardiovascular Devices Market
13.7.4.1. India Cardiovascular Devices Market, 2017-2022, 2022-2027F, 2032F, Value ($ Billion)
13.7.4.2. India Cardiovascular Devices Market, Segmentation By Type, 2017-2022, 2022-2027F, 2032F, Value ($ Billion)
13.7.5. Indonesia Cardiovascular Devices Market
13.7.5.1. Indonesia Cardiovascular Devices Market, 2017-2022, 2022-2027F, 2032F, Value ($ Billion)
13.7.5.2. Indonesia Cardiovascular Devices Market, Segmentation By Type, 2017-2022, 2022-2027F, 2032F, Value ($ Billion)
13.7.6. Japan Cardiovascular Devices Market
13.7.6.1. Japan Cardiovascular Devices Market, 2017-2022, 2022-2027F, 2032F, Value ($ Billion)
13.7.6.2. Japan Cardiovascular Devices Market, Segmentation By Type, 2017-2022, 2022-2027F, 2032F, Value ($ Billion)
13.7.7. Malaysia Cardiovascular Devices Market
13.7.7.1. Malaysia Cardiovascular Devices Market, 2017-2022, 2022-2027F, 2032F, Value ($ Billion)
13.7.8. New Zealand Cardiovascular Devices Market
13.7.8.1. New Zealand Cardiovascular Devices Market, 2017-2022, 2022-2027F, 2032F, Value ($ Billion)
13.7.9. Philippines Cardiovascular Devices Market
13.7.9.1. Philippines Cardiovascular Devices Market, 2017-2022, 2022-2027F, 2032F, Value ($ Billion)
13.7.10. Singapore Cardiovascular Devices Market
13.7.10.1. Singapore Cardiovascular Devices Market, 2017-2022, 2022-2027F, 2032F, Value ($ Billion)
13.7.11. South Korea Cardiovascular Devices Market
13.7.11.1. South Korea Cardiovascular Devices Market, 2017-2022, 2022-2027F, 2032F, Value ($ Billion)
13.7.11.2. South Korea Cardiovascular Devices Market, Segmentation By Type, 2017-2022, 2022-2027F, 2032F, Value ($ Billion)
13.7.12. Thailand Cardiovascular Devices Market
13.7.12.1. Thailand Cardiovascular Devices Market, 2017-2022, 2022-2027F, 2032F, Value ($ Billion)
13.7.13. Vietnam Cardiovascular Devices Market
13.7.13.1. Vietnam Cardiovascular Devices Market, 2017-2022, 2022-2027F, 2032F, Value ($ Billion)
13.7.14. Bangladesh Cardiovascular Devices Market
13.7.14.1. Bangladesh Cardiovascular Devices Market, 2017-2022, 2022-2027F, 2032F, Value ($ Billion)
14. Western Europe Cardiovascular Devices Market
14.1. Western Europe Cardiovascular Devices Market Overview
14.2. Western Europe, Cardiovascular Devices Market, 2022, By Country, Value ($ Billion)
14.3. Western Europe, Cardiovascular Devices Market, 2017-2022, 2022-2027F, 2032F, Historic And Forecast, By Country
14.4. Western Europe, Cardiovascular Devices Market, 2017-2022, 2022-2027F, 2032F, Growth And Market Share Comparison, By Country
14.5. Western Europe, Cardiovascular Devices Market Metrics
14.5.1. Cardiovascular Devices Market Size, Percentage Of GDP, 2017-2027, Western Europe Countries
14.5.2. Number of Enterprises, Cardiovascular Devices Market, Cardiovascular Devices Market/Number of Enterprises, 2022, Western Europe Countries
14.5.3. Number of Employees, Cardiovascular Devices Market, Cardiovascular Devices Market/Number of Employees, 2022, Western Europe Countries
14.6. Western Europe Cardiovascular Devices Market, Segmentation By Type, 2017-2022, 2022-2027F, 2032F, Value ($ Billion)
14.7. Western Europe Cardiovascular Devices Market: Country Analysis
14.7.1. Austria Cardiovascular Devices Market
14.7.1.1. Austria Cardiovascular Devices Market, 2017-2022, 2022-2027F, 2032F, Value ($ Billion)
14.7.2. Belgium Cardiovascular Devices Market
14.7.2.1. Belgium Cardiovascular Devices Market, 2017-2022, 2022-2027F, 2032F, Value ($ Billion)
14.7.3. Denmark Cardiovascular Devices Market
14.7.3.1. Denmark Cardiovascular Devices Market, 2017-2022, 2022-2027F, 2032F, Value ($ Billion)
14.7.4. Finland Cardiovascular Devices Market
14.7.4.1. Finland Cardiovascular Devices Market, 2017-2022, 2022-2027F, 2032F, Value ($ Billion)
14.7.5. France Cardiovascular Devices Market
14.7.5.1. France Cardiovascular Devices Market, 2017-2022, 2022-2027F, 2032F, Value ($ Billion)
14.7.5.2. France Cardiovascular Devices Market, Segmentation By Type, 2017-2022, 2022-2027F, 2032F, Value ($ Billion)
14.7.6. Germany Cardiovascular Devices Market
14.7.6.1. Germany Cardiovascular Devices Market, 2017-2022, 2022-2027F, 2032F, Value ($ Billion)
14.7.6.2. Germany Cardiovascular Devices Market, Segmentation By Type, 2017-2022, 2022-2027F, 2032F, Value ($ Billion)
14.7.7. Ireland Cardiovascular Devices Market
14.7.7.1. Ireland Cardiovascular Devices Market, 2017-2022, 2022-2027F, 2032F, Value ($ Billion)
14.7.8. Italy Cardiovascular Devices Market
14.7.8.1. Italy Cardiovascular Devices Market, 2017-2022, 2022-2027F, 2032F, Value ($ Billion)
14.7.9. Netherlands Cardiovascular Devices Market
14.7.9.1. Netherlands Cardiovascular Devices Market, 2017-2022, 2022-2027F, 2032F, Value ($ Billion)
14.7.10. Norway Cardiovascular Devices Market
14.7.10.1. Norway Cardiovascular Devices Market, 2017-2022, 2022-2027F, 2032F, Value ($ Billion)
14.7.11. Portugal Cardiovascular Devices Market
14.7.11.1. Portugal Cardiovascular Devices Market, 2017-2022, 2022-2027F, 2032F, Value ($ Billion)
14.7.12. Spain Cardiovascular Devices Market
14.7.12.1. Spain Cardiovascular Devices Market, 2017-2022, 2022-2027F, 2032F, Value ($ Billion)
14.7.13. Sweden Cardiovascular Devices Market
14.7.13.1. Sweden Cardiovascular Devices Market, 2017-2022, 2022-2027F, 2032F, Value ($ Billion)
14.7.14. Switzerland Cardiovascular Devices Market
14.7.14.1. Switzerland Cardiovascular Devices Market, 2017-2022, 2022-2027F, 2032F, Value ($ Billion)
14.7.15. UK Cardiovascular Devices Market
14.7.15.1. UK Cardiovascular Devices Market, 2017-2022, 2022-2027F, 2032F, Value ($ Billion)
14.7.15.2. UK Cardiovascular Devices Market, Segmentation By Type, 2017-2022, 2022-2027F, 2032F, Value ($ Billion)
15. Eastern Europe Cardiovascular Devices Market
15.1. Eastern Europe Cardiovascular Devices Market Overview
15.2. Eastern Europe, Cardiovascular Devices Market, 2022, By Country, Value ($ Billion)
15.3. Eastern Europe, Cardiovascular Devices Market, 2017-2022, 2022-2027F, 2032F, Historic And Forecast, By Country
15.4. Eastern Europe, Cardiovascular Devices Market, 2017-2022, 2022-2027F, 2032F, Growth And Market Share Comparison, By Country
15.5. Eastern Europe, Cardiovascular Devices Market Metrics
15.5.1. Cardiovascular Devices Market Size, Percentage Of GDP, 2017-2027, Eastern Europe Countries
15.5.2. Number of Enterprises, Cardiovascular Devices Market, Cardiovascular Devices Market/Number of Enterprises, 2022, Eastern Europe Countries
15.5.3. Number of Employees, Cardiovascular Devices Market, Cardiovascular Devices Market/Number of Employees, 2022, Eastern Europe Countries
15.6. Eastern Europe Cardiovascular Devices Market, Segmentation By Type, 2017-2022, 2022-2027F, 2032F, Value ($ Billion)
15.7. Eastern Europe Cardiovascular Devices Market: Country Analysis
15.7.1. Czech Republic Cardiovascular Devices Market,
15.7.1.1. Czech Republic Cardiovascular Devices Market, 2017-2022, 2022-2027F, 2032F, Value ($ Billion)
15.7.2. Poland Cardiovascular Devices Market
15.7.2.1. Poland Cardiovascular Devices Market, 2017-2022, 2022-2027F, 2032F, Value ($ Billion)
15.7.3. Romania Cardiovascular Devices Market
15.7.3.1. Romania Cardiovascular Devices Market, 2017-2022, 2022-2027F, 2032F, Value ($ Billion)
15.7.4. Russia Cardiovascular Devices Market
15.7.4.1. Russia Cardiovascular Devices Market, 2017-2022, 2022-2027F, 2032F, Value ($ Billion)
15.7.4.2. Russia Cardiovascular Devices Market, Segmentation By Type, 2017-2022, 2022-2027F, 2032F, Value ($ Billion)
15.7.5. Ukraine Cardiovascular Devices Market
15.7.5.1. Ukraine Cardiovascular Devices Market, 2017-2022, 2022-2027F, 2032F, Value ($ Billion)
16. North America Cardiovascular Devices Market
16.1. North America Cardiovascular Devices Market Overview
16.2. North America, Cardiovascular Devices Market, 2022, By Country, Value ($ Billion)
16.3. North America, Cardiovascular Devices Market, 2017-2022, 2022-2027F, 2032F, Historic And Forecast, By Country
16.4. North America, Cardiovascular Devices Market, 2017-2022, 2022-2027F, 2032F, Growth And Market Share Comparison, By Country
16.5. North America, Cardiovascular Devices Market Metrics
16.5.1. Cardiovascular Devices Market Size, Percentage Of GDP, 2017-2027, North America Countries
16.5.2. Number of Enterprises, Cardiovascular Devices Market, Cardiovascular Devices Market/Number of Enterprises, 2022, North America Countries
16.5.3. Number of Employees, Cardiovascular Devices Market, Cardiovascular Devices Market/Number of Employees, 2022, North America Countries
16.6. North America Cardiovascular Devices Market, Segmentation By Type, 2017-2022, 2022-2027F, 2032F, Value ($ Billion)
16.7. North America Cardiovascular Devices Market: Country Analysis
16.7.1. Canada Cardiovascular Devices Market
16.7.1.1. Canada Cardiovascular Devices Market, 2017-2022, 2022-2027F, 2032F, Value ($ Billion)
16.7.2. Mexico Cardiovascular Devices Market
16.7.2.1. Mexico Cardiovascular Devices Market, 2017-2022, 2022-2027F, 2032F, Value ($ Billion)
16.7.3. USA Cardiovascular Devices Market
16.7.3.1. USA Cardiovascular Devices Market Overview
16.7.3.2. USA Cardiovascular Devices Market, 2017-2022, 2022-2027F, 2032F, Value ($ Billion)
16.7.3.3. USA Cardiovascular Devices Market, Segmentation By Type, 2017-2022, 2022-2027F, 2032F, Value ($ Billion)
17. South America Cardiovascular Devices Market
17.1. South America Cardiovascular Devices Market Overview
17.2. South America, Cardiovascular Devices Market, 2022, By Country, Value ($ Billion)
17.3. South America, Cardiovascular Devices Market, 2017-2022, 2022-2027F, 2032F, Historic And Forecast, By Country
17.4. South America, Cardiovascular Devices Market, 2017-2022, 2022-2027F, 2032F, Growth And Market Share Comparison, By Country
17.5. South America, Cardiovascular Devices Market Metrics
17.5.1. Cardiovascular Devices Market Size, Percentage Of GDP, 2017-2027, South America Countries
17.5.2. Number of Enterprises, Cardiovascular Devices Market, Cardiovascular Devices Market/Number of Enterprises, 2022, South America Countries
17.5.3. Number of Employees, Cardiovascular Devices Market, Cardiovascular Devices Market/Number of Employees, 2022, South America Countries
17.6. South America Cardiovascular Devices Market, Segmentation By Type, 2017-2022, 2022-2027F, 2032F, Value ($ Billion)
17.7. South America Cardiovascular Devices Market: Country Analysis
17.7.1. Argentina Cardiovascular Devices Market
17.7.1.1. Argentina Cardiovascular Devices Market, 2017-2022, 2022-2027F, 2032F, Value ($ Billion)
17.7.2. Brazil Cardiovascular Devices Market
17.7.1.1. Brazil Cardiovascular Devices Market, 2017-2022, 2022-2027F, 2032F, Value ($ Billion)
17.7.2.2. Brazil Cardiovascular Devices Market, Segmentation By Type, 2017-2022, 2022-2027F, 2032F, Value ($ Billion)
17.7.3. Chile Cardiovascular Devices Market
17.7.3.1. Chile Cardiovascular Devices Market, 2017-2022, 2022-2027F, 2032F, Value ($ Billion)
17.7.4. Colombia Cardiovascular Devices Market
17.7.4.1. Colombia Cardiovascular Devices Market, 2017-2022, 2022-2027F, 2032F, Value ($ Billion)
17.7.5. Peru Cardiovascular Devices Market
17.7.5.1. Peru Cardiovascular Devices Market, 2017-2022, 2022-2027F, 2032F, Value ($ Billion)
17.7.6. Venezuela Cardiovascular Devices Market
17.7.6.1. Venezuela Cardiovascular Devices Market, 2017-2022, 2022-2027F, 2032F, Value ($ Billion)
18. Middle East Cardiovascular Devices Market
18.1. Middle East Cardiovascular Devices Market Overview
18.2. Middle East, Cardiovascular Devices Market, 2022, By Country, Value ($ Billion)
18.3. Middle East, Cardiovascular Devices Market, 2017-2022, 2022-2027F, 2032F, Historic And Forecast, By Country
18.4. Middle East, Cardiovascular Devices Market, 2017-2022, 2022-2027F, 2032F, Growth And Market Share Comparison, By Country
18.5. Middle East, Cardiovascular Devices Market Metrics
18.5.1. Cardiovascular Devices Market Size, Percentage Of GDP, 2017-2027, Middle East Countries
18.5.2. Number of Enterprises, Cardiovascular Devices Market, Cardiovascular Devices Market/Number of Enterprises, 2022, Middle East Countries
18.5.3. Number of Employees, Cardiovascular Devices Market, Cardiovascular Devices Market/Number of Employees, 2022, Middle East Countries
18.6. Middle East Cardiovascular Devices Market, Segmentation By Type, 2017-2022, 2022-2027F, 2032F, Value ($ Billion)
18.7. Middle East Cardiovascular Devices Market: Country Analysis
18.7.1. Saudi Arabia Cardiovascular Devices Market
18.7.1.1. Saudi Arabia Cardiovascular Devices Market, 2017-2022, 2022-2027F, 2032F, Value ($ Billion)
18.7.2. Israel Cardiovascular Devices Market
18.7.2.1. Israel Cardiovascular Devices Market, 2017-2022, 2022-2027F, 2032F, Value ($ Billion)
18.7.3. Turkey Cardiovascular Devices Market
18.7.3.1. Turkey Cardiovascular Devices Market, 2017-2022, 2022-2027F, 2032F, Value ($ Billion)
18.7.4. UAE Cardiovascular Devices Market
18.7.4.1. UAE Cardiovascular Devices Market, 2017-2022, 2022-2027F, 2032F, Value ($ Billion)
19. Africa Cardiovascular Devices Market
19.1. Africa Cardiovascular Devices Market Overview
19.2. Africa, Cardiovascular Devices Market, 2022, By Country, Value ($ Billion)
19.3. Africa, Cardiovascular Devices Market, 2017-2022, 2022-2027F, 2032F, Historic And Forecast, By Country
19.4. Africa, Cardiovascular Devices Market, 2017-2022, 2022-2027F, 2032F, Growth And Market Share Comparison, By Country
19.5. Africa, Cardiovascular Devices Market Metrics
19.5.1. Cardiovascular Devices Market Size, Percentage Of GDP, 2017-2027, Africa Countries
19.5.2. Number of Enterprises, Cardiovascular Devices Market, Cardiovascular Devices Market/Number of Enterprises, 2022, Africa Countries
19.5.3. Number of Employees, Cardiovascular Devices Market, Cardiovascular Devices Market/Number of Employees, 2022, Africa Countries
19.6. Africa Cardiovascular Devices Market, Segmentation By Type, 2017-2022, 2022-2027F, 2032F, Value ($ Billion)
19.7. Africa Cardiovascular Devices Market: Country Analysis
19.7.1. Egypt Cardiovascular Devices Market
19.7.1.1. Egypt Cardiovascular Devices Market, 2017-2022, 2022-2027F, 2032F, Value ($ Billion)
19.7.2. Nigeria Cardiovascular Devices Market
19.7.2.1. Nigeria Cardiovascular Devices Market, 2017-2022, 2022-2027F, 2032F, Value ($ Billion)
19.7.3. South Africa Cardiovascular Devices Market
19.7.3.1. South Africa Cardiovascular Devices Market, 2017-2022, 2022-2027F, 2032F, Value ($ Billion)
20. Cardiovascular Devices Market Competitive Landscape
20.1. Competitive Market Overview
20.2. Market Shares
20.3. Company Profiles
20.3.1. Medtronic Inc.
20.3.1.1. Company Overview
20.3.1.2. Products And Services
20.3.1.3. Strategy
20.3.1.4. Financial Performance
20.3.2. Boston Scientific Corporation
20.3.2.1. Company Overview
20.3.2.2. Products And Services
20.3.2.3. Strategy
20.3.2.4. Financial Performance
20.3.3. Abbott Laboratories
20.3.3.1. Company Overview
20.3.3.2. Products And Services
20.3.3.3. Strategy
20.3.3.4. Financial Performance
20.3.4. Edwards Lifesciences
20.3.4.1. Company Overview
20.3.4.2. Products And Services
20.3.4.3. Strategy
20.3.4.4. Financial Performance
20.3.5. Cardinal Health, Inc.
20.3.5.1. Company Overview
20.3.5.2. Products And Services
20.3.5.3. Strategy
20.3.5.4. Financial Performance
21. Key Mergers And Acquisitions In The Cardiovascular Devices Market
22. Market Background: Medical Equipment Market
22.1. Medical Equipment Market Characteristics
22.2. Medical Equipment Market Historic and Forecast, 2017-2022, 2022-2027F, 2032F Growth, By Segment, Value ($ Billion), Global
22.3. Global Medical Equipment Market, 2022, By Region, Value ($ Billion)
22.4. Global Medical Equipment Market, 2017-2022, 2022-2027F, 2032F, Historic And Forecast, By Region
22.5. Global Medical Equipment Market, 2017-2022, 2022-2027F, 2032F, Segmentation By Type, Value ($ Billion)
23. Recommendations
23.1. Global Cardiovascular Devices Market In 2027- Growth Countries
23.2. Global Cardiovascular Devices Market In 2027- Growth Segments
23.3. Global Cardiovascular Devices Market In 2027- Growth Strategies
24. Appendix
24.1. NAICS Definitions Of Industry Covered In This Report
24.2. Abbreviations
24.3. Currencies
24.4. Historic And Forecast Inflation Rates
24.5. Research Inquiries
24.6. The Business Research Company
25. Copyright And Disclaimer