Hyperloop Technology Global Market Report 2023 – By Transportation System (Capsule, Guideway, Propulsion System, Route), By Carriage Type (Passenger, Cargo/Freight), By Speed (More than 700 kmph, Less than 700 kmph) – Market Size, Trends, And Global Forecast 2023-2032

Electric Commercial Vehicles Market Definition

The commercial electric vehicles market consists of sales of commercial electric vehicles by entities (organizations, sole traders and partnerships) that manufacture and sell electrical commercial vehicles to the end users or customers. Electric commercial vehicles, also known as, commercial electrical vehicles, are fully or partially powered by electricity instead of diesel or gasoline. Electric commercial vehicles include buses, vans, trucks, and pick-up trucks. The energy to drive them comes from an on-board battery, this battery is rechargeable from the power grid. Hybrid electric vehicles are driven by an internal combustion engine in conjunction with one or more electric motors that use energy stored in batteries. The companies in this industry produce these electric vehicles for commercial purposes, sell and distribute them to the end users.

The automotive direct current (DC)-direct current (DC) converter is defined as a converter that converts the high voltage into low voltage or low voltage into high voltage depending on its application. The main types of automotive DC-DC converters are isolated and non-isolated. In an isolated DC-DC converter, the DC path between its input and output is eliminated. A non-isolated DC-DC converter does not eliminate the DC path and the input and output are connected by that path. The different propulsion types include battery electric vehicles (BEV), fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEV), and plug-in hybrid vehicles (PHEV). The input voltage ranges from < 40V, 40-70V, to >70V and the output voltage ranges from <1kW, 1-10kW, 10-20kW, to >20kW. These are used in passenger vehicles and commercial vehicles. The global automotive DC-DC converter market is segmented - 1) By Propulsion Type: Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV), Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle (FCEV), Plug-in Hybird Vehicle (PHEV) 2) By Product-Type: Isolated, Non-Isolated 3) By Input Voltage: < 40V, 40-70V, >70V 4) By Output Power: <1kW, 1-10kW, 10-20kW, >20kW 5) By Application: Passenger Vehicle, Commercial Vehicle The global automotive DC-DC converter market size grew from $0.45 billion in 2022 to $0.63 billion in 2023 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 40.4%. The Russia-Ukraine war disrupted the chances of global economic recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic, at least in the short term. The war between these two countries has led to economic sanctions on multiple countries, a surge in commodity prices, and supply chain disruptions, causing inflation across goods and services, and affecting many markets across the globe. The market size of the automotive DC-DC converter is expected to grow to $2.28 billion in 2027 at a CAGR of 37.6%. The increase in the adoption of electric vehicles contributed to the growth of the automotive DC-DC converter market. The output of the batteries in an electric vehicle is several hundred of volts but the components inside the vehicles require different voltages and most of the components run on lower voltage such as air-conditioning and in-built displays. The automotive DC-DC converter turns the high voltage into low voltage or low voltage to high For instance, according to May 2022 published, Global EV Outlook 2022 report, electric vehicle (EV) sales had doubled from the previous year in 2021, reaching a new high of 6.6 million. Additionally, the sales of electric car vehicles worldwide in 2021 have reached 6600000 units from 2980000 units. The increase in the adoption of electric vehicles increases the demand for automotive DC-DC converters, driving the growth of the automotive DC-DC converter market. Major players in the automotive DC-DC converter market are Continental AG, BorgWarner Inc., Denso Corporation, Valeo, Toyota Industries Corporation, Bosch, Vicor Corporation, TDK-Lambda Corporation, Delta Electronics, HELLA GmbH & Co. KGaA, Hyundai Mobis, Panasonic Corporation, Infineon technologies, Mornsun, Alps Alpine Co, Mareli Corporation, LG Innotek, Texas Instruments Incorporated, ZF Friedrichshafen AG, NAC Group Inc., SynQor, Nanjing Pengtu Power Supply Co. Ltd., AEGIS Power Systems Inc., Murata Manufacturing Co. Ltd., Shindengen Electric Manufacturing Co. Ltd., and Delta-Q Corporation. The fluctuations in global automotive production are expected to limit the growth of the automotive DC-DC converter market. For instance, global vehicle production was expected to be 89 million in 2020 but due to the COVID crisis, the production came down to 71 million, which is 20% less. For instance, in May 2022, according to a statistics report published by Knoema, a US-based data technology company, the global automobile production declined considerably in 2020, falling 15.4% from 2019. The fluctuations in global automotive production result in oversupply or low supply conditions, which has a negative impact on the automotive DC-DC converter market. Synchronous buck DC-DC converters are increasingly being produced by automotive DC-DC converter manufacturers. Synchronous buck DC-DC converters produce a regulated voltage lower than its input voltage and deliver high currents with minimizing power loss. For instance, ROHM announced a series of automotive synchronous buck DC-DC converters that have reliability and low power consumption in a compact form. These converters are used in applications such as radars, cameras, and sensors that are used for assisted driving. In October 2020, BorgWarner, a US-based automotive components and parts supplier, acquired Delphi Technologies, a UK-based manufacturer of combustion systems, electrification products, software, and controls, for a deal amount of $3.3 billion. The acquisition is expected to strengthen BorgWarner’s electronics and power electronics products, capabilities, and scale. The company, after the acquisition, will offer integrated and standalone offerings for power electronics products including high voltage converters, inverters, onboard chargers, and battery management. Delphi Technologies was founded in the year 2014 and is headquartered in London, United Kingdom. Asia-Pacific was the largest region in the automotive DC-DC converter market in 2022. The regions covered in the automotive DC-DC converter market analysis report are Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, South America, the Middle East, and Africa. The countries covered in the automotive DC-DC converter market report are Australia, Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, Russia, South Korea, UK, USA. The automotive direct current (DC)-direct current (DC) converter market consists of sales of isolated direct current (DC)-direct current (DC) converters and non-isolated direct current (DC)-direct current (DC) converters. Values in this market are ‘factory gate’ values, that is the value of goods sold by the manufacturers or creators of the goods, whether to other entities (including downstream manufacturers, wholesalers, distributors and retailers) or directly to end customers. The value of goods in this market includes related services sold by the creators of the goods. The market value is defined as the revenues that enterprises gain from the sale of goods and/or services within the specified market and geography through sales, grants, or donations in terms of the currency (in USD, unless otherwise specified). The revenues for a specified geography are consumption values that are revenues generated by organizations in the specified geography within the market, irrespective of where they are produced. It does not include revenues from resales along the supply chain, either further along the supply chain or as part of other products. The automotive DC-DC converter market research report is one of a series of new reports from The Business Research Company that provides automotive DC-DC converter market statistics, including automotive DC-DC converter industry global market size, regional shares, competitors with a automotive DC-DC converter market share, detailed automotive DC-DC converter market segments, market trends and opportunities, and any further data you may need to thrive in the automotive DC-DC converter industry. This automotive DC-DC converter market research report delivers a complete perspective of everything you need, with an in-depth analysis of the current and future scenario of the industry.

The marine hybrid propulsion are hybrid propulsion systems for marine applications that combines combustion engines with battery power to optimize engine operation and reducing emissions. Hybrid propulsion is a propulsion system for a vehicle that involves two or more sources of propulsion in one design usually that can be used collectively or alternately. Hybrid propulsion improves the fuel efficiency of vessels with variable power demands such as tug boats, fishing vessels, and others. The main propulsion types of marine hybrid propulsion are diesel-electric, parallel hybrid, serial hybrid, full electric, gas turbine, and fuel cell. A diesel-electric propulsion system can employ a single engine to drive several propellers or several engines to power one or more propellers. Electric propulsion is widely used in specific vessel designs. Diesel engines provide approximately 90% of the energy in marine applications. In a parallel hybrid propulsion system, the engine and electric motor work in tandem to generate the power that drives the wheels. When power demands are low, parallel hybrids utilize the motor as a generator for supplemental recharging. The serial hybrid system uses a single electric motor and can both generate power and store energy. The system optimizes fuel consumption with a constant-speed generator engine. Full electric propulsion systems utilize electrical power to drive propeller blades for propulsion. Normally electrical propulsion is used in small vessels but nowadays shipping companies are adopting this system for big-size cargo vessels as well. A gas turbine propulsion system is a type of continuous and internal combustion engine that pulls together all of the systems and subsystems associated with gas turbine engines in aircraft and marine warship applications. Fuel cell propulsion systems are similar to that of electric vehicles, where energy stored as hydrogen is converted to electricity by the fuel cell. The different types of ships include anchor handling tug supply vessels, platform supply vessels, yachts, motor ferry, cruise liner, and others and operates in various power ranges such as 0-300 KW, 301-500KW, and 501KW-800KW. It is used in commercial, logistics, offshore drilling and naval, and other applications. The global marine hybrid propulsion market is segmented - 1) By Propulsion Type: By Propulsion Type, Diesel-Electric, Parallel Hybrid, Serial Hybrid, Full Electric, Gas Turbine, Fuel cell 2) By Ship Type: Anchor Handling Tug Supply Vessels, Platform Supply Vessels, Yachts, Motor Ferry, Cruise Liner, Others 3) By Power Rating: 0-300 KW, 301-500 KW, 501-800 KW 4) By Application: Commercial, Logistics, Offshore Drilling, Naval, Others The global marine hybrid propulsion market size grew from $3.52 billion in 2022 to $3.96 billion in 2023 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 12.6%. The Russia-Ukraine war disrupted the chances of global economic recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic, at least in the short term. The war between these two countries has led to economic sanctions on multiple countries, a surge in commodity prices, and supply chain disruptions, causing inflation across goods and services, causing inflation across goods and services and affecting many markets across the globe. The market size of global marine hybrid propulsion is expected to grow to $6.12 billion in 2027 at a CAGR of 11.5%. An increase in international trade is contributing to the growth of the marine hybrid propulsion market. Most of the internationally traded goods are transported using cargo vessels and ships. Hybrid propulsion improves the fuel efficiency of vessels with variable power demands. According to UNCTAD’s Global Trade Update, in 2021, there was an overall record value of $28.5 trillion in global trade, compared to 2020, the increase was about 25%, and compared to 2019, it was about 13%. Increased commodity prices, subsiding pandemic restrictions, and strong economic stimulus packages all contributed to the positive trend in international trade in 2021. Thus, the surge in international trade boosts the number of cargo vessels and ships fleet and which in turn, drives the market for marine hybrid propulsion. Major players in the marine hybrid propulsion market are BAE Systems, Schottel, MAN Energy Solutions, Siemens, ABB Ltd., General Electric Company, Steyr Motors, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Torqeedo, and Wartsila Corporation. The launch of integrated propulsion systems has emerged as a key trend in the marine hybrid propulsion market. Major players operating in the marine hybrid propulsion field are focusing on introducing new hybrid propulsion systems to improve performance, environmental compatibility, and propulsion system versatility. For instance, in November 2020, Havyard, a Norwegian shipbuilding group announced that its new hydrogen propulsion system for large ocean-going ships should be completed next year as a potential alternative fuel to help reduce its carbon footprint. It has developed a ship’s propulsion systems with integrated LH2 tanks and fuel cells. In June 2020, Gula Skrinet AB, a global supplier of customized marine propulsion systems acquired Caterpillar Propulsion AB for an undisclosed amount. The proposed acquisition develops Gula Skrinet AB’s external relationships, products, and services in close cooperation with customers and partners. Caterpillar Propulsion AB is a Sweden-based manufacturer of mechanically and electrically driven propulsion systems and marine controls for ships. Europe was the largest region in the marine hybrid propulsion market share in 2022. The regions covered in the global marine hybrid propulsion market analysis report are Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, South America, the Middle East, and Africa. The countries covered in the marine hybrid propulsion market report are Australia, Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, Russia, South Korea, UK, and USA. The marine hybrid propulsion market consists of sales of electric motor, energy storage device, battery system, electric machine, power electronics. Values in this market are ‘factory gate’ values, that is the value of goods sold by the manufacturers or creators of the goods, whether to other entities (including downstream manufacturers, wholesalers, distributors, and retailers) or directly to end customers. The value of goods in this market includes related services sold by the creators of the goods. The market value is defined as the revenues that enterprises gain from the sale of goods and/or services within the specified market and geography through sales, grants, or donations in terms of the currency (in USD, unless otherwise specified). The revenues for a specified geography are consumption values that are revenues generated by organizations in the specified geography within the market, irrespective of where they are produced. It does not include revenues from resales along the supply chain, either further along the supply chain or as part of other products. The marine hybrid propulsion market research report is one of a series of new reports from The Business Research Company that provides marine hybrid propulsion market statistics, including marine hybrid propulsion industry global market size, regional shares, competitors with a marine hybrid propulsion market share, detailed marine hybrid propulsion market segments, market trends and opportunities, and any further data you may need to thrive in the marine hybrid propulsion industry. This marine hybrid propulsion market research report delivers a complete perspective of everything you need, with an in-depth analysis of the current and future scenarios of the industry.

A commercial vehicle is a vehicle with a license to transport goods or materials rather than people. A commercial vehicle is used for commercial or business purposes. The main types in the commercial vehicle market include light commercial vehicles, heavy trucks, buses, and coaches. Light commercial vehicles refer to vehicles that are no more than 3.5 metric tons. The various fuel types are gasoline, diesel, and other fuel types. The various propulsion types include IC engines and electric vehicles. Commercial vehicles are used in mining and construction, logistics, passenger transportation, and other applications. The global commercial vehicle market is segmented - 1) By Type: Light Commercial Vehicle, Heavy Trucks, Buses And Coaches 2) By Fuel Type: Gasoline, Diesel, Other Fuel Types 3) By Application: Mining & Construction, Logistics, Passenger Transportation, Other Applications 4) By Propulsion Type: IC Engine, Electric Vehicle The global commercial vehicle market size grew from $819.24 billion in 2022 to $908.43 billion in 2023 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 10.9%. The Russia-Ukraine war disrupted the chances of global economic recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic, at least in the short term. The war between these two countries has led to economic sanctions on multiple countries, a surge in commodity prices, and supply chain disruptions, causing inflation across goods and services and affecting many markets across the globe. The commercial vehicle market is expected to grow to $1345.23 billion in 2027 at a CAGR of 10.3%. Advances in technology are expected to be a continued driver of market growth in the forecast period. The commercial vehicle industry has experienced many technological advances in the last decade, and this trend is expected to intensify. According to Forbes, the ten new features in 2020 include autonomous driving; driver override systems; biometric vehicle access; comprehensive vehicle tracking; active window displays; remote vehicle shutdown; active health monitoring; four-cylinder supercars; smart and personalized in-car marketing; and reconfigurable body panels. These innovations are expected to drive the commercial vehicle market during the forecast period. Major companies in the commercial vehicles market include Volkswagen AG, Daimler AG, Toyota Motor Corp, Peugeot, General Motors Co, Ford Motor Co, SAIC, Motor Co Ltd., Volvo AB, Bayerische Motoren Werke AG, and Kia Motors Corp. The outbreak of COVID-19 disease (COVID-19) has acted as a massive restraint on the commercial vehicle market in 2020 as supply chains were disrupted due to trade restrictions and consumption declined due to lockdowns imposed by governments globally. COVID-19 is an infectious disease with flu-like symptoms including fever, cough, and difficulty breathing. The virus was first identified in 2019 in Wuhan, Hubei province of the People’s Republic of China, and has spread globally, including Western Europe, North America, and Asia. Transportation manufacturers depend heavily on the supply of parts and components from different countries across the globe. As many governments restricted the movement of goods across countries, manufacturers had to halt production due to a lack of parts and components. Also, sales of new automobiles decreased significantly due to a decline in consumer demand as many countries imposed lockdowns. The outbreak continues to hurt businesses throughout 2020 and into 2021. However, it is expected that the commercial vehicle market will recover from the shock over the forecast period as it is a "black swan" event and not related to ongoing or fundamental weaknesses in the market or the global economy. Major commercial vehicle manufacturers are investing in driverless car technologies to reduce traffic congestion, prevent accidents and save fuel. Driverless commercial vehicles can sense their surrounding environment and navigate through an area without the involvement of humans using radar, GPS, and computer vision technology. With this technology becoming realistic, many companies are expected to be part of the production and design of driverless vehicles. Companies such as UPS and Amazon are testing driverless commercial vehicles to improve operational efficiencies and reduce costs. North America was the largest region in the commercial vehicles market in 2022. Asia-Pacific was the second-largest region in the commercial vehicle market. The regions covered in the commercial vehicles market report are Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, South America, the Middle East, and Africa. The countries covered in the motorcycle, bicycles, and parts market are Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, France, Germany, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nigeria, Norway, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Turkey, UAE, UK, USA, Venezuela, and Vietnam. The commercial vehicle market consists of sales of trucks, buses, trailers, taxis, heavy equipment, trailers, and travel trailers. Values in this market are ‘factory gate’ values, that is the value of goods sold by the manufacturers or creators of the goods, whether to other entities (including downstream manufacturers, wholesalers, distributors and retailers) or directly to end customers. The value of goods in this market includes related services sold by the creators of the goods. The market value is defined as the revenues that enterprises gain from the sale of goods and/or services within the specified market and geography through sales, grants, or donations in terms of the currency (in USD, unless otherwise specified). The revenues for a specified geography are consumption values that are revenues generated by organizations in the specified geography within the market, irrespective of where they are produced. It does not include revenues from resales along the supply chain, either further along the supply chain or as part of other products. The commercial vehicles market research report is one of a series of new reports from The Business Research Company that provides commercial vehicle market statistics, including commercial vehicle industry, global commercial vehicle market size, regional shares, competitors with a commercial vehicle market share, detailed commercial vehicle market segments, market trends and opportunities, and any further data you may need to thrive in the commercial vehicle industry. This commercial vehicle market research report delivers a complete perspective of everything you need, with an in-depth analysis of the current and future scenario of the industry.

Electric commercial vehicles are electrically powered, self-propelled electric vehicles used for transportation that help reduce greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) and pollution and work with the help of both electric motors working in tandem. The main propulsion types in electric commercial vehicles are BEV, PHEV, and FCEV. Battery electric vehicles operate only on stored electricity, and their main components consist of a high-voltage battery, one or more electric motors (either alternating current [AC] or direct current [DC]), and a controller for managing the power electronics. The vehicle types involved are electric buses, electric trucks, electric pick-up trucks, and electric vans. The battery types involved are lithium-iron-phosphate (left), lithium-nickel-manganese-cobalt oxide (nmc), and others. The technologies involved are battery-electric commercial vehicles, plug-in hybrids, hybrids, and fuel cell electric commercial vehicles. The global electric commercial vehicles market is segmented - 1) By Propulsion Type: BEV, PHEV, FCEV 2) By Vehicle Type: Electric Bus, Electric Truck, Electric Pick-up Truck, Electric Van 3) By Battery Type: Lithium-iron-phosphate (LFP), Lithium-nickel-manganese-cobalt oxide (NMC), Other Battery Types 4)By Technology: Battery Electric Commercial Vehicles, Plug-in Hybrids, Hybrids, Fuel Cell Electric Commercial Vehicles The global commercial electric vehicles market size grew from $88.45 billion in 2022 to $116.95 billion in 2023 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 32.2%. The Russia-Ukraine war disrupted the chances of global economic recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic, at least in the short term. The war between these two countries has led to economic sanctions on multiple countries, a surge in commodity prices, and supply chain disruptions, causing inflation across goods and services and affecting many markets across the globe. The market size of the global commercial electric vehicles is expected to grow from $357.44 billion in 2027 at a CAGR of 32.2%. During the historic period, government subsidies on electric commercial vehicles marketcontributed to the growth of the electric commercial vehicle market. For instance, according to the Government of India Budget 2022-23, the faster adoption and manufacturing of hybrid and electric vehicles (FAME) scheme will provide a subsidy of up to INR 2908 crores. Similarly, according to the Uttar Pradesh government's Manufacturing and Mobility policy 2022, all-electric vehicles will be subsidized including bikes, scooters, three-wheelers, and cars. As part of this new policy, the state government will offer subsidies of up to Rs 1 lakh for electric cars for three years. The subsidies were given to three and four-wheeled electric vehicles for commercial and fleet applications. The market is being driven by the government's support for the use of growth of the electric commercial vehicles market. Major players in the electric commercial vehicles market are BYD, Proterra, AB Volvo, Daimler AG, Nissan, ABB, Scania AB, Tesla, Nikola Motor Company, and Tata Motors. The growth of the electric commercial vehicles market is restrained by limited battery power and longer charging duration. For electric commercial vehicles, the range and performance of the battery are typically less powerful and have a limited range (60-100 miles per charge), and are considered suitable only for short-distance travel. The limited travel range of electric vehicle batteries raises consumer concerns that their vehicles will run out of charge/power before arriving at their destination. Charge duration is another major challenge for the market. The lack of availability of supercharging stations adds to the woes associated with the use of batteries in electric vehicles. For example, according to the Alternative Fuels Data Center, in the USA in 2020, there will be around 76,000 public charging stations, compared to 168,000 stations that serve gas. When surveying USA customers about purchasing electric vehicles, more than half of the respondents indicated that they wouldn’t buy an EV due to a lack of charging stations. Therefore, these factors are major restraints for the electric commercial vehicles market during the period. Electric commercial vehicles market companies are implementing strategic partnerships for the production of electric commercial vehicles. Strategic partnerships in electric commercial vehicles involve the sharing of resources and expertise that enhance the product and multiply the results. It attracts popularity from consumers and other stakeholders, helping to increase the investment while reducing costs. For instance, in 2020, in South Korea, Hyundai Motor Company and Kia Motors Corporation strategically partnered and are investing €100 million (about $110 million) in a UK-based electric vehicle startup company, 'Arrival,' for developing electric commercial vehicles such as eco-friendly vans and commercial vehicles for logistics. In August 2021, Ideanomics, a US-based company focused on driving the adoption of commercial electric vehicles and associated energy consumption, acquired VIA Motors International for an undisclosed amount. Through this acquisition, Ideanomics will leverage highly complementary products to increase Ideanomics market reach and foster prospects for joint development and marketing. VIA Motors International is a US-based manufacture commercial electric vehicles. Asia-Pacific was the largest region in the electric commercial vehicles market in 2022. North America was the second largest region in the global electric commercial vehicles market share. The regions covered in the global electric commercial vehicles market analysis report are Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, South America, the Middle East, and Africa. The countries covered in the electric commercial vehicles market report are Australia, Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, Russia, South Korea, the UK, USA. The electric commercial vehicles market consists of sales of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and extended range electric vehicles (E-REVs). Values in this market are factory gate values, that is the value of goods sold by the manufacturers or creators of the goods, whether to other entities (including downstream manufacturers, wholesalers, distributors and retailers) or directly to end customers. The value of goods in this market includes related services sold by the creators of the goods. The market value is defined as the revenues that enterprises gain from the sale of goods and/or services within the specified market and geography through sales, grants, or donations in terms of the currency (in USD, unless otherwise specified). The revenues for a specified geography are consumption values that are revenues generated by organizations in the specified geography within the market, irrespective of where they are produced. It does not include revenues from resales along the supply chain, either further along the supply chain or as part of other products. The electric commercial vehicles market research report is one of a series of new reports from The Business Research Company that provides electric commercial vehicles market statistics, including electric commercial vehicles industry global market size, regional shares, competitors with an electric commercial vehicles market share, detailed electric commercial vehicles market segments, market trends and opportunities, and any further data you may need to thrive in the electric commercial vehicles industry. This electric commercial vehicles market research report delivers a complete perspective of everything you need, with an in-depth analysis of the current and future scenario of the industry.

A four-wheel-drive tractor consists of a four-wheel drive axle that can distribute power to all its wheels simultaneously. It helps in providing less slippage and great traction with better performance. The main types of four-wheel-drive tractors are less than 40 horsepower (HP) tractors, 40HP to 100HP tractors, 100HP to 200HP tractors, and above 200HP tractors. Less than 40 horsepower (HP) tractors refer to subcompact tractors and low-end utility garden tractors, built like compact utility tractors with water-cooled diesel engines, PTOs, three-point hitches, remote hydraulics, and heavy construction. The propulsion system of tractors work with the help of diesel, hybrid electric and electric operated manually or autonomously by various end-users such as farm, construction, mining, and others. The global four wheel drive tractor market is segmented - 1) By Power Output: Less than 40 HP, 40 HP to 100 HP, 100 HP to 200 HP, Above 200 HP 2) By Propulsion System: Diesel, Hybrid Electric, Electric 3) By Operation: Manual, Autonomous 4) By End-Use: Farm, Construction and Mining, Other End Uses The global four-wheel drive tractor market size grew from $16.83 billion in 2022 to $17.6 billion in 2023 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4.6%. The Russia-Ukraine war disrupted the chances of global economic recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic, at least in the short term. The war between these two countries has led to economic sanctions on multiple countries, a surge in commodity prices, and supply chain disruptions, causing inflation across goods and services, causing inflation across goods and services and affecting many markets across the globe. The market size of the four-wheel drive tractor market is expected to grow to $20.7 billion in 2027 at a CAGR of 4.1%. Rapid growth in the agriculture industry is expected to propel the growth of the four-wheel-drive tractors market going forward. The agricultural industry refers to an industrial activity involving the processing, cleaning, storage, and packing of the results from agricultural production. Four-wheel-drive tractors help the agriculture industry by improving traction, increasing pulling power, and enhancing versatility. For instance, according to the India Brand Equity Foundation, an India-based trust established by the Department of Commerce, in November 2022, Exports of agricultural and processed food items increased by 25% in the first six months of the current fiscal year 2022-23 (April-September) compared to the same period in FY 2021-22. Therefore, rapid growth in the agriculture industry is driving the growth of the four-wheel-drive tractors market. Major players in the four-wheel-drive tractor market are AGCO Corporation, Deere & Company, Escorts Limited, Komatsu Corp., Mahindra & Mahindra Ltd., SAME DEUTZ-FAHR Italia S.p.A., Kubota Corporation, Deutz-Fahr, Caterpillar, Massey Ferguson Limited, SDF Group, New Holland, and Case IH. Key companies operating in the market are focusing on manufacturing smart four-wheel drive tractors, which is gaining significant popularity in recent years. Smart tractors are used to reduce emissions and provide more sustainable data, and work efficiently. For instance, in December 2020, Monarch Tractor, a US-based company that is engaged in manufacturing tractors launched electric, diver optional, smart tractors that can be integrated onto a single platform. This smart tractor helps farm managers understand and visualize real-time farming operations by gathering digitized data from the farming field. In March 2021, Keestrack, a Belgium-based company that is engaged in the manufacturing of mining, recycling, and construction equipment company had signed an agreement to acquire Goldoni for an undisclosed amount. The acquisition expands Keestrack’s business in the agricultural market and parallelly grows in the construction industry. Goldoni is an Italy-based company that specializes in manufacturing agricultural machineries such as specialized tractors and four-wheel drive tractors and serves in more than 64 countries and 200 distributors worldwide. North America was the largest region in the four-wheel-drive tractor market in 2022. The regions covered in the four-wheel-drive tractor market analysis report are Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, South America, the Middle East, and Africa. The countries covered in the four-wheel-drive tractor market report are Australia, Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, Russia, South Korea, UK, and USA. The four-wheel drive tractor market consists of sales of two wheel drive, front wheel assist or unequal four wheel drive and. equal four wheel drive tractors. Values in this market are ‘factory gate’ values, that is the value of goods sold by the manufacturers or creators of the goods, whether to other entities (including downstream manufacturers, wholesalers, distributors and retailers) or directly to end customers. The value of goods in this market includes related services sold by the creators of the goods. The market value is defined as the revenues that enterprises gain from the sale of goods and/or services within the specified market and geography through sales, grants, or donations in terms of the currency (in USD, unless otherwise specified). The revenues for a specified geography are consumption values that are revenues generated by organizations in the specified geography within the market, irrespective of where they are produced. It does not include revenues from resales along the supply chain, either further along the supply chain or as part of other products. The four-wheel-drive tractor market research report is one of a series of new reports from The Business Research Company that provides four-wheel-drive tractor market statistics, including four-wheel-drive tractor industry global market size, regional shares, competitors with a four-wheel-drive tractor market share, detailed four-wheel-drive tractor market segments, market trends and opportunities, and any further data you may need to thrive in the four-wheel-drive tractor industry. This four-wheel-drive tractor market research report delivers a complete perspective of everything you need, with an in-depth analysis of the current and future scenario of the industry.

Aerospace materials refer to types of materials, often metal alloys or polymeric-based materials, that have been created specifically for aircraft application and are used in a variety of aerospace components because they have enhanced qualities such as high tensile strength, superior temperature tolerance, enhanced transparency, and a hard surface. The main types of aerospace materials are aluminum alloys, steel alloys, titanium alloys, super alloys, and composites. An aluminumalloy is a chemical composition in which other elements are added to pure aluminum to improve its qualities, particularly its strength. Steel is a metal alloy that contains primarily iron with trace amounts of carbon, depending on the quality or grade of steel. Titanium alloy is a metal alloy that is predominantly composed of pure titanium with additional metals or chemical ingredients scattered throughout. Superalloys are complex, high-performance alloys that can withstand oxidizing conditions and high temperatures. A composite material is made up of two separate materials that have different physical and chemical properties. Aerospace materials are used for a variety of aerospace components, in the construction of aircraft parts such as airframes, windows, interiors, engine components, propulsion systems, mirrors, and ceilings. The global aerospace materials market is segmented - 1) By Type: Aluminum Alloys, Steel Alloys, Titanium Alloys, Super Alloys, Composites 2) By Aircraft Type: Commercial Aircraft, Business and General Aviation, Civil Helicopters, Military 3) By Application: Aero Structure, Components, Cabin Interiors, Propulsion System, Equipment, System, and Support, Satellites, Construction and Insulation Components The global aerospace materials market size will grow from $19.68 billion in 2022 to $20.46 billion in 2023 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 3.9%. The Russia-Ukraine war disrupted the chances of global economic recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic, at least in the short term. The war between these two countries has led to economic sanctions on multiple countries, a surge in commodity prices, and supply chain disruptions, causing inflation across goods and services and affecting many markets across the globe. The market size of the aerospace materials is expected to grow to $25.69 billion in 2027 at a CAGR of 5.9%. The increasing demand for lightweight and fuel-efficient aircraft will propel the growth of the aerospace materials market. The growing requirement for fuel-efficient aircraft to fulfill strict pollution control standards raised the demand for lightweight aircraft. Aerospace materials are lower in weight than traditional metals, yet have great strength, which helps to reduce the overall weight of aircraft and so aids in meeting emission limits and improving fuel efficiency. For instance, according to the General Aviation Manufacturer's Association, an aviation industry trade association, HondaJet, a light business jet produced by the Honda Aircraft Company, became the world's best-selling light aircraft for the fourth year in a straight, with 31 deliveries completed in 2020. In the second half of 2020, the company delivered 22 units, three more than in 2019. The rising demand for lightweight and fuel-efficient aircraft will further drive the growth of the aerospace materials market. Major players in the aerospace materials market are Toray Industries, Inc., DuPont de Nemours, Inc., Aleris International, Hexcel Corporation, Alcoa Corporation, Koninklijke Ten Cate BV, Arkema S.A., Cytec Solvay Group, Arconic Inc., (Alcoa Corp.), SABIC, NOVELIS, Gurit, Constellium N.V, Cytec Solvay Group, WS Atkins plc, Teijin Limited, and Hyosung Advanced Materials. The development of carbon fiber composites for making various aerospace structures and parts is an emerging trend in the aerospace materials market. Carbon fiber is a material composed of carbon atoms arranged in long, thin crystals that can be molded with epoxy into practically any shape, even designs that are impossible to achieve with metals or without welding many sections together and creating weak points. Due to the lightweight, durable, corrosion-resistant, and temperature-resistant properties of carbon fiber, manufacturers of aerospace materials are focused on developing carbon fiber structures for various aerospace applications. For instance, in August 2021, Markforged, a US-based additive manufacturing company specializing in the development and manufacturing of digtal forge, launched Onyx FR-A and Carbon Fiber FR-A based on fiber reinforcement technology. These two materials are lightweight, efficient to reduce fuel consumption and improve engine performance, and used in various parts of aircraft interiors. In November 2021, Collins Aerospace, a US-based defense and aircraft product manufacturing company, acquired Dutch Thermoplastic Components B.V. for an undisclosed amount. Through this acquisition, Collins will expand the use of cutting-edge thermoplastics to make airplanes lighter and more economical to run, and it will emphasize our commitment to utilizing cutting-edge materials and procedures, weight reduction for improved reliability, fuel efficiency, and environmentally friendly practices throughout the entire product lifecycle. Dutch Thermoplastic Components B.V. is a Netherlands-based company pioneering in the development and manufacturing of structural thermoplastic composite parts for aircraft structures. Europe was the largest region in the aerospace materials market in 2022. The regions covered in the aerospace materials market analysis report are Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, South America, the Middle East, and Africa. The countries covered in the aerospace materials market report are Australia, Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, Russia, South Korea, UK, USA. The aerospace materials market consists of sales of graphene, polymer composites, glass-fiber-reinforced plastic, carbon fiber, and glass- and aramid-reinforced epoxy. Values in this market are ‘factory gate’ values, that is the value of goods sold by the manufacturers or creators of the goods, whether to other entities (including downstream manufacturers, wholesalers, distributors and retailers) or directly to end customers. The value of goods in this market includes related services sold by the creators of the goods. The market value is defined as the revenues that enterprises gain from the sale of goods and/or services within the specified market and geography through sales, grants, or donations in terms of the currency (in USD, unless otherwise specified). The revenues for a specified geography are consumption values that are revenues generated by organizations in the specified geography within the market, irrespective of where they are produced. It does not include revenues from resales along the supply chain, either further along the supply chain or as part of other products. The aerospace materials market research report is one of a series of new reports from The Business Research Company that provides aerospace materials market statistics, including aerospace materials industry global market size, regional shares, competitors with an aerospace materials market share, detailed aerospace materials market segments, market trends and opportunities, and any further data you may need to thrive in the aerospace materials industry. This aerospace materials market research report delivers a complete perspective of everything you need, with an in-depth analysis of the current and future scenarios of the industry.

Electric truck refers to a large, motorized vehicle with an open bed designed to transport goods and whose primary propulsion technology is battery-electric or powered by rechargeable batteries alone or hydrogen fuel cell electric or hybrid electric that are powered by batteries and an internal combustion engine. The main types of electric trucks are light-duty electric truck, medium-duty electric truck, heavy-duty electric truck. Light-duty electric trucks are those that have gross vehicle weight of up to 8,500 pounds or 3,855 Kgs and payload capacities up to 4000 pounds or 1,815 Kgs. The propulsion used in electric trucks are battery electric vehicle, hybrid electric vehicle, plug-in hybrid electric vehicle, fuel cell electric vehicle that can cover a range of up to 150 miles, 151-300 miles, above 300 miles. Electric trucks are used across various applications such as last mile delivery, long haul transportation, refuse services, field services, distribution services. The global electric truck market is segmented – 1) By Vehicle Type: Light-Duty Electric Truck, Medium-Duty Electric Truck, Heavy-Duty Electric Truck 2) By Propulsion: Battery Electric Vehicle, Hybrid Electric Vehicle, Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle, Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle 3) By Range: Upto 150 Miles, 151-300 Miles, Above 300 Miles 4) By End User: Last Mile Delivery, Long Haul Transportation, Refuse Services, Field Services, Distribution services The global electric truck market size will grow from $1.85 billion in 2022 to $2.72 billion in 2023 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 47.5%. The Russia-Ukraine war disrupted the chances of global economic recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic, at least in the short term. The war between these two countries has led to economic sanctions on multiple countries, a surge in commodity prices, and supply chain disruptions, causing inflation across goods and services and affecting many markets across the globe. The size of electric truck market is expected to grow to $13.63 billion in 2027 at a CAGR of 49.6%. Government incentives and schemes are expected to drive the growth of the electric truck market. Government bodies across the globe are implementing innovative policies and incentive schemes to increase the adoption of electric vehicles across all categories (bikes, autos, cars and commercial vehicles). The main policies, which are currently driving the EV’s adoption are significant financial incentives for the purchase of LDVs, subsidies for primary purchase, vehicle purchase, and tax rebates on registration as these vehicles control pollution and promote a good environment. For instance, the Indian government launched the PLI (production-linked incentive) scheme for the auto sector and the FAME (Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of Electric Vehicles) II amendment, with the aim to switch 30% of private cars, 70% of commercial vehicles, and 80% of two- and three-wheeler to electric by 2030. Such subsidies and support from the government are expected to boost the electric truck market during the forecast period. Major players in the electric truck market are AB Volvo, BYD Compay Ltd., Daimler AG, Dongfeng Motor Company, Paccar Inc., Tata Motors, Tesla Inc., Hino Motors Ltd., Volvo Group, Tevva Motors Limited, Volta Trucks, StreetScooter, Workhorse Group Incorporated, and Renault SA. The development of self-driving electric trucks is the key trend gaining popularity in the electric trucks sector. The companies operating in the electric trucks sector are partnering with related technology-based companies to boost their development activities in innovative self-driving truck models. For instance, in January 2022, Pininfarina, an Italy-based design company owned by Mahindra, developed an electric semi-truck in collaboration with Deppway, a subsidiary of Baidu, with a self-drive system. The self-drive system utilizes 11 cameras on board, an infrared detector, radars, and LIDAR sensors. In October 2020, BYD Auto Industry Co., Ltd., a China-based conglomerate manufacturing company entered into a joint venture agreement with Hino Motors, Ltd., a Tokyo-based manufacturer of commercial vehicles and diesel engines, to establish a company for the development of commercial battery electric vehicles. The new venture is established with 50% of capital investment from both Hino and BYD. Western Europe was the largest region in the electric truck market in 2022. Asia-Pacificis expected to be the fastest growing region in the forecast period. The regions covered in the electric truck market report are Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, South America, the Middle East, and Africa. The countries covered in the electric truck market report are Australia, Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, Russia, South Korea, UK, USA. The electric truck market consists of sales ofall-electric vehicle (AEV). Values in this market are ‘factory gate’ values, that is the value of goods sold by the manufacturers or creators of the goods, whether to other entities (including downstream manufacturers, wholesalers, distributors and retailers) or directly to end customers. The value of goods in this market includes related services sold by the creators of the goods. The market value is defined as the revenues that enterprises gain from the sale of goods and/or services within the specified market and geography through sales, grants, or donations in terms of the currency (in USD, unless otherwise specified). The revenues for a specified geography are consumption values that are revenues generated by organizations in the specified geography within the market, irrespective of where they are produced. It does not include revenues from resales along the supply chain, either further along the supply chain or as part of other products. The electric truck market research report is one of a series of new reports from The Business Research Company that provides electric truck market statistics, including electric truck industry global market size, regional shares, competitors with a electric truck market share, detailed electric truck market segments, market trends and opportunities, and any further data you may need to thrive in the electric truck industry. This electric truck market research report delivers a complete perspective of everything you need, with an in-depth analysis of the current and future scenario of the industry.