Transport Industry Overview

The autonomous marine vehicles market consist of sales of autonomous marine vehicles. Autonomous marine vehicles are robotic equipment that travel below or on the surface of water, without requiring input from a human operator. The autonomous marine vehicles market is segmented into autonomous surface vehicles (which travel on the surface of the water) and autonomous underwater vehicles (which travel below the surface of the water). Autonomous marine vehicles are used for various purposes such as recording oceanographic data, imaging, navigation, communication, collision avoidance and propulsion. The global autonomous marine vehicles market is expected to grow from $3.4 billion in 2019 to $3.4 billion in 2020 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 0.9%. The low growth is mainly due to economic slowdown across countries owing to the COVID-19 outbreak and the measures to contain it. The market is then expected to recover and grow at a CAGR of 12% from 2021 and reach $4.6 billion in 2023. North America was the largest region in the autonomous marine vehicles market in 2018. This region is expected to remain the largest during the next five years. The autonomous marine vehicles market in Asia Pacific is forecasted to register the highest CAGR during 2018-2023. The autonomous marine vehicles market is being driven by a rise in hydrographic, oceanographic and environmental surveys conducted globally. A hydrographic survey measures, describes and maps features that can be found underwater. The main purpose of conducting these surveys is to produce navigational charts essential for safe transit of vessels. An oceanographic survey helps in the accurate understanding of marine and freshwater environments, for port and harbor development, wastewater and industrial outfalls, power plant intakes/outfalls and offshore disposals. An autonomous surface vehicle (ASV) provides an efficient method of undertaking a hydrographic survey, as it saves both cost and time. It is also flexible and convenient which allows for faster deployment for a number of survey requirements, from event surveys to large coastal surveys. For instance, the world’s first autonomous hydrographic survey was performed in September 2017, by 4D Ocean after the channel coastal observatory (CCO) commissioned it to carry out a hydrographic survey of the seabed that is offshore of Hurst Spit, Western Solent, with the help of a SeaRobotics ASV 2.5. The vulnerability of ships to cyber threats due to automation is a major restraint for the autonomous marine vehicles market. This is mainly because cyberspace and its associated infrastructure are vulnerable to a versatile range of risks coming from cyber threats and attacks. The use of automation which negates the need for human intervention on ships and in ports increases the chances of security breaches. A cyber attack can misguide an autonomous ship to move in a different direction or move to a separate port, which can lead to misplacement and delay of goods and services. For example, in 2017, container ship and supply vessel operator A.P. Moller-Maersk became a victim of a cyber attack that resulted in a loss of around $250–300 million for the company. According to a 2017 survey by law firm Clyde & Co and the Institute of Marine Engineering, Science & Technology (IMarEST), over two-third of marine industry executives surveyed from across the world fear that unmanned/autonomous ships present a greater cyber-security risk than traditional ships. Maritime drone swarming for better surveillance and investigation capabilities is an emerging trend in the autonomous marine vehicles market. Maritime drone swarms are a large group of underwater vehicles moving together for a particular purpose. The drone swarm has a wide range of capabilities in defence applications, since it is capable of performing surveillance and investigation tasks followed by defensive or offensive countermeasures. As the swarm works collectively to navigate through the underwater environment, it senses a wider area in a quick time by making use of a number of sensing techniques to build a comprehensive map of the environment. For instance, the European Union (EU) is currently funding a research project called Ocean2020 which will facilitate a combination of drones and unmanned submarines into swarms or fleet units. In another example, the US Navy`s Undersea Warfare Center approved a grant of $78,000 for Aquabotix’s SwarmDiver technology to support the US Navy and allied vessels, in 2018. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has regulations related to ballast water management in marine vehicles. Ballast water is defined as water that is pumped inside a marine vehicle in order to maintain safe operating conditions and operations. Regulation D-3 by the IMO requires that ballast water management systems which use active substances shall be approved in accordance with the specifications defined by the IMO. As per the International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships’ Ballast Water and Sediments, active substances are those which include a virus or a fungus, having a general or specific action on or against harmful aquatic organisms or pathogens. Hence, regulations such as these would keep a check on manufacturers of ballast water management systems as well as the companies in the autonomous marine vehicles market.

The driver monitoring system market consists of sales of driver monitoring systems which is used to collect recognizable information about the driver for assessing the capability of the driver to perform the driving task safely. The market consists of revenue generated by the driver monitoring system companies manufacturing the driver manufacturing systems such as Facial Recognition/ Head Movement, heart rate monitoring, blink monitoring, steering angle sensor and a pre-collision system.

The electric bikes market consists of sales of electric bikes and related services for transportation purposes. The electric bike has an integrated electric motor, pedals and rechargeable batteries for forwarding propulsion. Rechargeable batteries vary according to the voltage, total charge capacity (amp hours), weight. Depending upon motor and rechargeable battery used in E-bikes its prices vary accordingly.

The autonomous cars market consists of sales of autonomous cars and related services. An autonomous car means navigating a vehicle without human input from passengers using sensing equipment (LIDAR), environmental sensitive control equipment, and navigation equipment.

The connected cars market consists of sales of connected cars and related services. Connected cars are cars empowered with internet access and local area network which helps to communicate with other vehicles. These cars have wide range of sensors that transmits and receives signals by the manufacturers in conjunction with the services to enhance consumer experience with the real time interaction of the vehicles. These cars can be connected with smartphones or other mobile phones and allows the driver to mechanically monitor the performance of the car.

The electric car market consists of electric car sales and services related to it. An electric car is an electric vehicle that runs by a chargeable battery such as Nickel-Metal Hydride (NI-MH) Battery, Lithium-ion Battery, Fuel Cell Battery. Electric cars are available in Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV), Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV), Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEV) which are used for personal home use or commercial use.

The electric commercial vehicles market consists of sales of electric commercial vehicles and related services. Electric commercial vehicles are electrically-powered, self-propelled electric vehicles used for transportation that helps reduce greenhouse gas releases (GHG) and pollution, that works with the help of both electric motors working in tandem. Electric commercial vehicles are used for the delivery of goods and for transport, such as passengers, that are powered by batteries and includes buses, trucks, vans and pick-up trucks.

The autonomous ships market consists of sales of autonomous ships and related services. The autonomous ship is also known as crewless watercraft piloted by artificial intelligence (AI) without human interference. These ships are unmanned and function autonomously as a type of seafaring drone. Autonomous ships work on artificial intelligence technology and sensors which include lidar, radar, high definition cameras, sonar, and thermal imaging. The various levels of autonomous operations comprise fully manned to partially operated, partially autonomous, remote operated, and fully autonomous ships.