Pharmaceutical Drugs Industry Overview

The anti-hypertensive drugs market consists of sales of anti-hypertensive drugs and related services. These drugs are re used to prevent heart failure, kidney failure and acute stroke induced by hypertension. Some of the major anti-hypertensive drugs include Diuretics, Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, and Angiotensin II receptor antagonists. The global anti-hypertensive drugs market was valued at about $13.8 billion in 2018 and is expected to decline to $9.72 billion at a CAGR of -8.4% through 2022. North America was the largest region in the anti-hypertensive drugs market. This region is expected to remain the largest during the next five years. The anti-hypertensive drugs market in Asia Pacific is forecasted to register the highest CAGR during 2018-2023. Sedentary lifestyle is a major driver for the growth of the anti-hypertensive drugs market. Consumption of junk food, lack of proper healthy and balanced diet, lack of proper sleep due to irregular workshifts have contributed to the increase in hypertension. Hypertension is the underlying factor for at least 45% of deaths due to heart disease and 51% of deaths due to stroke. Once the patient is diagnosed of hypertension, patients are required to use the drugs to control hypertension based on the severity of the condition. This creates a sustainable demand for the product and acts as a prominent driver for the growth of the market. Low awareness of the antihypertensive drugs amongst the population is one of the major restraints in the Anti-Hypertensive Drugs market. Firstly, most of the people in developing nations neglect their health-checkups and are not aware about the existing hypertension condition in them until they detect extreme symptoms Secondly, persons diagnosed with hypertension are not adherent to their medication schedule and stop taking medication after 1-2 weeks until symptoms return, thereby posing a huge challenge to the anti-hypertensive drugs market. For example, in the year 2016, BMC Research notes published a research survey (from a developing country) which states that out of the total 112 hypertensive subjects with stroke, only 17% of them were adherent to antihypertensive medications. Lack of awareness and low drug adherence restraint the growth of antihypertensive market. Of late, there has been rise in use of combination therapies compared to monotherapy treatment. Monotherapy is the treatment of a hypertension with a single drug, while the use of combinations of drugs (Combination Therapy) allows for action on several different hypertensive mechanisms. When we combine the two drugs with different mechanisms of action, the effect is two to five times greater than monotherapy. Increasing the dose of monotherapy reduces coronary events by 29% and cerebrovascular events by 40%, while combining two antihypertensive agents with a different mechanism of action reduces coronary events by 40% and cerebrovascular events by 54%. Thus, the use of combination therapy provides greater protection to a target organ than increasing the dose of monotherapy. The trend of using combination therapy is thus more effective and is being widely accepted as well. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a guidance on developing fixed-combination drugs to treat hypertension. This primarily focuses on the clinical development of two-drug combinations of previously approved products. US FDA expects to see a reduction in adverse effects for combinations that include doses below each drugs’ maximum dose compared to single drug regimens at their maximum dose. Earlier physicians typically started a patient on a single drug and titrated up to a maximum dose before adding additional drugs to their programme, current guidelines recommend starting patients on two drugs at less than their full doses. Hence, this guidance would keep a check on the fixed-combination drugs. Major players in the market are Merck & Co. Inc., Astra Zeneca Plc, Daiichi Sankyo Company Limited, Johnson & Johnson Ltd. and Pfizer, Inc.

The anti-thrombotic drugs market consists of sales of anti-thrombotic drugs which are used to prevent and treat arterial and venous thrombosis and as well reduce the formation of clots. The anti-thrombotic drugs market is segmented into antiplatelet agents, fibrinolytic drugs, and anticoagulants. The global anti thrombotics market was valued at about $8.8 billion in 2018 and is expected to decline to $7.73 billion at a CAGR of -3.2% through 2022. In 2018, North America was the largest region in the anti thrombotics market. The anti thrombotics market in Asia Pacific is forecasted to register the highest CAGR during 2018-2023. The rise in the chronic diseases associated with thrombotic diseases is the driving force for the anti-thrombotic drugs market. Thrombotic diseases require long term treatment of antithrombotic drugs. This requirement contribute to the sales of antithrombotic drugs. For example, almost 900,000 people in USA could be affected with DVT (Deep Venous Thrombosis). Also, there is a 33% chance that DVT will come back within 10 years to the same patient. The increased use of biologics is one of the reasons for the decline in the growth of anti-thrombotic drugs market. Biologics are the medicines derived from living organisms such as humans, animals or microorganisms that may contain protein, sugar, nucleic acids or combination of these substances. Biologics are not chemically synthesized and hence, they don't fall under the category of drugs. As the usage of biologic medicines increases, greater portion of synthetic/chemical drugs business will be taken over affecting the growth of the anti- thrombotic drug market. For example, in the year 2017, Aplagon Oy and Cadila collaborated for the production of anti-thrombotic Biologics. Also, in the year 2018, US FDA approved ATryn, the first ever animal derived biologic anticoagulant product manufactured by GTC Bio therapeutics. Before ATryn, the human blood derived product was the only biologic AT (Anti Thrombin) medicine available in the U.S. Artificial Intelligence (AI) partnerships are being discussed by almost over 30 major drug manufacturers such as AstraZeneca, Astellas, Bayer, GSK, Janssen and Merck, in order to find and validate new drug targets, monitor adherence, better clinical trial planning and operations, identification of proteins, pharmacovigilance (monitoring adverse events), drug repurposing, and prediction of disease. AI could be very beneficial in disease prediction. For example, Janssen recently announced an agreement with Winterlight Labs to use Winterlight’s voice analysis technology to predict on-set of dementia. Another example by UK’s Francis Crick Institute recently showed that predicting heart disease death by AI was much precise than the prediction by physicians. Thus, improved usage of AI may help drug makers largely, thereby, driving the market strongly. The FDA approvals of various anti-thrombotic drugs impacts the market positively. FDA approves a few drugs under “Fast Track designation” as a “priority review” when no adequate therapy exists. For example, FDA Approved Bevyxxa, the first and only anticoagulant for hospital and extended duration prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in adult patients hospitalized for an acute medical illness who are at risk for thromboembolic complications due to moderate or severe restricted mobility and other risk factors for VTE. Approximately 24 million acutely ill medical patients are hospitalized each year and are at risk of VTE, either while in the hospital or following discharge. The speedy approval by FDA drives the growth of anti-thrombotic drugs market. In May 2019, FDA approved Fragmin (dalteparin sodium) injection, for subcutaneous use, to reduce the recurrence of symptomatic venous thromboembolism (VTE) in pediatric patients of one month age and older. Hence, these approvals would as well encourage the drug manufacturers to spend on Research & Development but would also act as a driver. In the year 2018, Sanofi acquired Bioverativ for $11.6 Billion. The acquisition helped Sanofi to mark its presence in in rare blood disorder and specialty care. Bioverative Inc. is headquartered in Walthan, United States and was established in the year 2016. Major players in the market are Bayer AG, Johnson & Johnson, Sanofi, Boehringer Ingelheim Gmbh and Eli Lilly.

The acne drugs market consists of sales of prescription acne drugs (Salicylic acid, Retin-A Micro, Onexton, and Solodyn) and related OTC non-prescription products (cleansers, lotions, gels, toners, masks and pads containing acne-fighting ingredients) which are used to treat skin diseases such as acne vulgaris and acne rosacea. Based on the type of acne, this market is segmented into inflammatory acne and Non-Inflammatory acne. Market in this report does not include the sales of drugs used for Dermatitis and Psoriasis. The global acne drugs market was valued at about $15.45 billion in 2018 and is expected to grow to $20.48 billion at a CAGR of 7.3% through 2022. North America was the largest region in the acne drugs market in 2018. This region is expected to remain the largest during the next five years. Among the countries, the USA acne drugs market was the largest. The acne drugs market in India is forecasted to register the highest CAGR during 2018-2023. An increase in the disposable income of people is one of the major drivers in the acne market. An increase in the disposable income is usually due to an improved economy leading to increased wages and salaries boosting healthcare expenditure. In 2018, Disposable Income in India increased 13.67% when compared to 2017 i.e. from 169 million INR to 192 million INR. Rise in disposable income increased expenditure on facial care products is expected to continue, thereby driving the market in the forecast period. Acne is a major problem worldwide, close to 90% of people suffer from some sort of acne. In America alone, close to 12 million people suffer from a severe acne problem, that can lead to scarring of the skin if left untreated, as a result many people purchase Acne care drugs and products. The presence of alternatives for acne treatment is one of the restraint on the acne drugs market. Due to availability of multiple alternatives, patients tends to choose one amongst many options on the basis of price, side effects, duration and many more. This increases the competition and hence, the competition cuts down a significant portion of business for the acne drugs market. For example, some of the alternatives for the acne treatment apart from acne drugs are Ayurveda, home remedy, laser and photodynamic therapy and extraction of whiteheads and blackheads using special tools like needles and forceps. Combination therapy is the latest trend in the acne market. Combination therapy is the process of combining two drugs with different mechanisms of action, such combinations of medication have a better efficacy and adherence when compared with monotherapy (the use of only a single drug by itself).The combination of a topical retinoid drug, which unclogs the pores, along with an antimicrobial drug, which is used to treat an infection is being used to treat acne. Example of combination therapy includes: Epiduo, Acanya, Ziana and Benzamycin produced by Galderma, Allergan, Medicis and Atrix respectively. The stringent regulations concerning the usage of drugs to treat Acne has an impact on the acne drugs market. The regulations have become stringent due to the various side-effects and adverse events caused during the course of treatment. Recently in India, the Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) has issued a warning regarding the safety guidelines concerning the use of the oral drug, Isotretinoin. The CDSCO has directed the State and Union Territories’ drugs controllers to check the labeling of Isotretinoin drug and make the end users aware of the serious birth defects the drug may cause. Further, the Subject Expert Committee (SEC) for Dermatology and Allergy has recommended that the drug should be sold only on the prescription of a dermatologist, manufacturers should provide a package insert in local languages and the retail chemists should maintain the details of retail sale of the drug. Hence, these strict guidelines and regulations would impact the growth of acne drugs market. In March 2019, Allergan acquired Envy Medical Inc. o at an undisclosed price. This deal will help Allergan reinforce their goal towards providing customers with enhanced skin care solutions. Envy medicals' technology used in skin resurfacing procedures like Dermalinfusion, which is a non-surgical, non-invasive skin resurfacing system will immensely help Allergan gain a strong presence in the acne market. Allergan plc is a pharmaceutical company established in 1948 and headquartered in Dublin, Ireland. Major players in the market are ALLERGAN, Galderma S.A., Valeant Pharmaceutical International Inc., Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. and Johnson & Johnson Services, Inc.

The dermatitis drugs market consists of sales of dermatitis drugs such as corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, PDE4 inhibitors which are used to cure inflammation of the outer layer of the body, characterized by itchy rashes on swollen and reddened skin. Some of the major dermatitis drugs include Triamcinolone, Clobetasol, Betamethasone, Hydrocortisone, Fluocinonide and Clobex. The global dermatitis market was valued at about $17.88 billion in 2018 and is expected to grow to $25.52 billion at a CAGR of 9.3% through 2022. North America was the largest region in the dermatitis drugs market. The dermatitis drugs market in Asia Pacific is forecasted to register the highest CAGR during 2018-2023. Growth in Atopic Dermatitis market is primarily driven by the increasing global prevalence of the disease. Prevalence of dermatitis in children is estimated to be around 15-20% while it is 1-3% in adults. The rising cases of food allergies are adding to the prevalence of dermatitis which ultimately leads to the increase in demand for the medicines to cure this disease. For example, a study conducted in Norway highlights that the overall incidence rate of atopic dermatitis has increased from 0.028 per person year in 2009 to 0.034 per person year in 2014. The strict government regulations are one of the restraints for the dermatitis drug market. Atopic Dermatitis (eczema) usually occurs at a very early stage (0-5 years). In order to find the efficacy and efficiency of drug, it has to be tried on the every type of patients. The effects of certain drugs in adults are quite different than in children, as a reason results of the clinical trial cannot be used for the production of drug that will be served to the children. This hinders the research and requires more efforts in clearing regulation set by FDA. For example, as the patient population is largely children, FDA in its CFR Code Title 21, Part 50 Protection of Human Subjects, and subpart D has laid down guidelines for the additional safeguard for children in clinical investigation. The regulation is in compliance with Children’s Health Act of 2000 that requires all the children subjected to clinical trial be given additional protection. The Dermatitis market has witnessed a trend of increasing Mergers and Acquisitions (M&As), done with the purpose of business expansion and increasing visibility. M&As are playing a significant role in today's world and are assumed to expand this market in the years to come. The vendors in this industry are focusing on collaboration and partnerships to expand their portfolio and improve market presence. Companies are also strategically making M&As with a view to reduce competition and increase the scalability of their business. For example, Stiefel Laboratories has been able to successfully widen its global reach after it was acquired by Glaxo Smith Kline. Also Biofrontera, Inc., a specialist in dermatology market acquired Cutanea Life Sciences, Inc.in 2019 for $7.3 million to increase their capital base and scale the business. The dermatitis drugs market is governed by several regulatory bodies that require the drug manufacturers to get approvals from the concerned authorities before launching their medicines into the market. Two such major regulatory bodies are PMDA (Japan) and CDSCO (India) that carry out quality checks before declaring the drugs suitable for consumption. PMDA reviews the products with an aim to ensure safety, quality and efficacy of pharmaceuticals and then approves the products that are suitable in every parameter. Similarly CDSCO is the central drug authority that is responsible for the approval of new drugs in India. These tedious approval processes makes the drugs more effective and safe, thereby having a positive impact on the dermatitis drugs market. Major players in the market are LEO Pharma A/S, Novartis AG, Pfizer Inc., Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc. and Sanofi S.A.

The psoriasis drugs market consists of sales of psoriasis drugs. Psoriasis is a persistent skin disorder which causes distress and pain through patches of abnormal skin. Psoriasis can be caused due to injuries to skin, medications, genetics, infection, diet, weather, etc. The drugs vary depending on the severity of the infection and provide relief from infections. Examples of drugs in the psoriasis market include Clobetasol (Temovate), triamcinolone (Aristocort), fluocinolone (Synalar), and betamethasone (Diprolene). The global psoriasis market was valued at about $30.13 billion in 2018 and is expected to grow to $46.57 billion at a CAGR of 11.5% through 2022. North America was the largest region in the psoriasis drugs market in 2018. This region is expected to remain the largest during the next five years. The psoriasis drugs market in Asia Pacific is forecasted to register the highest CAGR during 2018-2023. The rise in the prevalence of psoriasis patients is driving the Psoriasis market. Psoriasis is caused due to immune system, genetics and environment. The rise in psoriasis patients in the past few years can be mainly attributed to climate change, stress and unhealthy lifestyle. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), psoriasis had affected at least 100 million individuals worldwide in 2016. The high cost of psoriasis therapy is a restraint for the psoriasis market. According to a study conducted by JAMA Dermatology in 2019, the typical psoriasis treatments with biologics are very costly, ranging between $10,000 and $25,000 per year. The high cost is because patent protections are preventing many alternative drugs. Combination therapy is an emerging trend in the psoriasis market. Combination therapy is an f treatment that combines two different psoriasis treatments at the same time. When two drugs with different mechanisms of action are combined (combination therapy), the effect is greater than that obtained by monotherapy (treatment with a single drug). Studies suggest that combination therapy eases psoriasis symptoms more effectively than a single therapy and has lesser side effects. An example of combination therapy for the treatment of active psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is taltz (ixekizumab) with methotrexate developed by Eli Lilly and Company. The process of approval of psoriasis drugs is becoming easier globally. This is evident from the increasing approvals of drugs for psoriasis in the recent years. Some of the examples include the first regulatory approval of SKYRIZI™ (risankizumab) for the treatment of plaque psoriasis in Japan in 2019, and the approval of a new treatment for plaque psoriasis in Europe in 2018. Hence, the increasing ease of drug approvals is expected to drive the psoriasis drugs market in the coming years. Major players in the market are AbbVie Inc., Pfizer Inc., Novartis, Eli Lilly and Company and Celgene Corporation.

The antacids market consists of sales of antacids which are used to neutralize stomach acid, and treat acid reflux, heartburn and indigestion. It includes drug class such as proton pump inhibitors, H2 antagonist, surgical simulators and acid neutralizers in the form of either tablet, liquid or powder. Examples of antacids include Alka Seltzer, Maalox, Mylanta, Rolaids, Tums and Pepto-Bismol. The global antacids market was valued at about $4.62 billion in 2018 and is expected to decline to $4.55 billion at a CAGR of -0.4% through 2022. North America was the largest region in the antacids market in 2018. Asia Pacific and Latin America respectively. Poor lifestyle choices resulting in higher prevalence of acidity is an important driver for the growth of the antacids market. Poor lifestyle choices involve deskbound jobs, poor quality of sleep and irregular dietary habits, which result in an increase in acidity level of the stomach and lead to gastroesophageal reflux disease. According to the American College of Gastroenterology, around 60 million Americans suffers from gastroesophageal reflux disease. This drives the demand for antacids. The side effects related to antacids is a major restraint for the antacids market. Some of the common side effects of antacids include dose-dependent rebound hyperacidity and milk-alkali syndrome. Antacids containing aluminum hydroxide may also cause side effects such as constipation, aluminum-intoxication, osteomalacia, and hypophosphatemia. In addition, antacids when consumed with other acidic drugs might lead to absorption of both the drugs resulting in reduced efficiency of both the drugs. Mouth-melting antacid is an emerging trend in the antacid market. Antacids were available in tablet, liquid and powder form until now, however, researchers have now come up with mouth-melting antacids which are made up of micro mouth melting granules that easily melt in the mouth. These granules present in the antacids act in the form of effervescent. An example of a mouth melting instant relief antacid is Sunpharma's 'Pepmelt', which integrates the effects of herbal constituents present in it with the contemporary mouth melting technology. The manufacturers of antacids in the USA need to comply with CFR - Code of Federal Regulations Title 21 laid down by the FDA. According to these regulations, an over-the-counter (OTC) antacid product in a form suitable for oral administration is recognized safe and effective only if it meets the conditions related to active ingredients established by the regulatory body. In March 2018, GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) acquired Novartis for $13 billion. This acquisition would help GSK's shareholder to seize the full worth of Novartis' consumer healthcare business. Also, it would help GSK expand its pharmaceutical portfolio. Novartis is a pharmaceutical firm manufacturing innovative drugs. It was founded in 1996 and is headquartered in Basel, Switzerland. Major players in the market are GlaxoSmithKline plc, Pfizer Inc., Bayer AG, Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd and AstraZeneca PLC.

The anti-asthmatics and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) market consists of sales of anti-asthmatics and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) drugs which are used to relieve the frequency of acute attacks of asthma, emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and nocturnal awakenings. The class of drugs includes Bronchodilators, anti-inflammatory drugs, monoclonal antibodies and combination drugs. The global anti-asthmatics and copd drugs market was valued at about $33.4 billion in 2018 and is expected to grow to $42.01 billion at a CAGR of 5.9% through 2022. North America was the largest region in the anti-asthmatics and COPD drugs market in 2017. Modifiable risk factors including smoking, lack of physical exercise, and unhealthy eating habits drive the Asthma and COPD drugs market. Even though there is a decreasing trend of smoking prevalence globally, developing countries such as China, India, Indonesia, and Nigeria among others have increasing smoking prevalence. For instance, the number of tobacco smokers is set to increase by 24 million in Indonesia and by 7 million in Nigeria from 2015 to 2025, and more than 40% of global cigarette consumption is concentrated in China. Consumption of fats including saturated fatty acids which is a risk factor for Asthma and COPD is more in high income countries including USA and Europe. According to WHO, in developed countries more than 35% of total energy requirement is derived from fats when compared to <20% in low income countries, and <25% in lower middle income countries. Increasing patent expiration of innovator drugs is restraining the anti-asthamatics and COPD drug market. Due to patent expiration, generic drugs are entering the market which are inexpensive when compared to innovator drugs. For example, patent for Advair Diskus inhaler by GSK has expired in 2016, and many players including Novartis, Hikama, and Mylan are trying to get FDA approval for a generic version of the innovator drug. The use of combination drugs for the treatment of asthma and COPD is increasing. This is due to the greater impact on patient reported outcomes (PROs) compared to monotherapies. For example, combination of short acting beta agonists (SABA) and short acting muscarinic antagnoists (SAMA) are superior compared to either medication alone in improving lung function. The use of combination long acting beta agonists (LABA), and long acting muscarnic antagonists (LAMA) have improved lung function than long acting monotherapy bronchodilators. Many inhalers that do not use chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) are already available for the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. These products aren't necessarily ""official"" direct alternatives to CFC Metered Dose Inhalers, but may in many patients serve as a useful medication that could replace the need for a particular CFC Metered Dose Inhaler. FDA will determine official alternatives by using the criteria established through notice-and-comment rulemaking. Major players in the market are Novartis AG, Merck & Co, GlaxoSmithKline , Boehringer Ingelheim Gmbh and AstraZeneca.

The antiglaucoma drug market consists of sales of antiglaucoma drugs which are used in the treatment of glaucoma. Glaucoma is a disease in which the optic nerve is damaged resulting into irreversible loss of vision and it is often associated with increased pressure of the fluid in eye. The market comprises of segments such as alpha agonists, beta blockers, prostaglandins, combined medication and other. The market does not include the sale of biologics used for the treatment of glaucoma. The global antiglaucoma drugs market was valued at about $15.62 billion in 2018 and is expected to grow to $20.57 billion at a CAGR of 7.1% through 2022. The antiglaucoma drugs market has been geographically segmented into North America, Western Europe, Asia-Pacific, Eastern Europe, South America and Middle East & Africa. The North American Market is the largest market for antiglaucoma drugs and is expected to continue to do so during the forecast period. Incidence of glaucoma increases with age and due to increase in the geriatric population worldwide, governments are launching initiatives to promote awareness on glaucoma and other eye disorders. For instance, the Vision Health initiative by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in the USA aimed to prevent eye disorders including glaucoma and improve the overall eye health. In Australia, the government funded an eye screening program as part of its Vision 2020 initiative to promote awareness and prevent vision loss among the population suffering from glaucoma and other eye disorders. These government initiatives will stimulate the awareness among the people on glaucoma driving the market for anti-glaucoma drugs. Anti-glaucoma drugs are facing the risk of patent expiration in the USA and Europe. For instance, travaprost and bimatoprost, which are used in the treatment of glaucoma, will lose its patent in 2021. This will result in the launch of generic form of the drugs that are priced lower than branded drugs thereby reducing the overall market growth. Companies in the antiglaucoma drugs market are developing combination therapies in the treatment of glaucoma disease due to their ability to lower intraocular pressure in glaucoma patients. Most of the combinations therapies are fixed dose drugs as it offers patient the ease of consumption when compared to non-fixed combinations. In 2017, Alcon launched a combination drug, Simbrinza which is fixed combination of Brinzolamide and Brimonidine, to help patients in reducing the intake of multiple drugs for glaucoma. To get an antiglaucoma drug approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA), drug should have comparable intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering efficacy and benefit-to-hazard ration with respect to the benchmark drug. In 2018, Rhopressa (netarsudil) Ophthalmic Solution by Aerie Pharmaceuticals Inc., was approved by the US FDA considering its ability to lower IOP when compared to benchmarked drugs for glaucoma in the market. In 2018, Astellas Pharma Inc. acquired Quethera Ltd., a gene therapy company based in the UK. With this acquisition, Astellas has gained authority over Quethera's ophthalmic gene therapy program which focuses on developing novel treatment for ocular diseases such as glaucoma. Major players in the market are Aerie Pharmaceuticals, Inc., ALLERGAN, Novartis AG, Abbott Healthcare and Johnson & Johnson.