Pharmaceutical Drugs Industry Overview

The contract development manufacturing organizations market consists of sales of small molecules and biologics products by entities (organizations, sole traders, and partnerships), which serve the pharmaceutical companies on a contract basis. The market consists of revenue generated by the CDMOs, which serve from drug development and drug manufacturing. Only goods and services traded between entities or sold to end consumers are included. The contract development manufacturing organizations is segmented by service into CMO, CRO, by product into small molecules, biologics and by end user into big pharma, small and mid-size pharma, generic pharmaceutical companies, other end users. The global contract development manufacturing organizations market is expected to grow from $158.72 billion in 2020 to $176.19 billion in 2021 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 11%. The growth is mainly due to the companies resuming their operations and adapting to the new normal while recovering from the COVID-19 impact, which had earlier led to restrictive containment measures involving social distancing, remote working, and the closure of commercial activities that resulted in operational challenges. The market is expected to reach $267.74 billion in 2025 at a CAGR of 11%. The growing demand for pharmaceutical products due to the increase in the chronic diseases and geriatric population contributed to the growth of the contract development manufacturing organizations market. Rising chronic diseases and geriatric population has enabled pharmaceutical companies to manufacture biologics and biosimilars quickly, and most pharmaceutical firms have contracted contract production and manufacturing organizations operating on a contractual basis to handle and coordinate the company's tasks, operations and tests. For instance, according to the World Health Organization, the prevalence of chronic diseases rose by 57% in 2020 and by 2050 the world's population of 60 years and older is projected to rise to 2 billion. Therefore, the growing demand for pharmaceutical products is projected to drive the growth of the contract development manufacturing organizations market. Stringent government regulations in the drug approval process may restrict the growth of the contract development manufacturing organizations market. Several governments across the globe are enforcing controls on pharmaceutical firms to safeguard the population from adverse drug effects. These regulations further delay the process of introducing innovative pharmaceuticals onto the marketplace. For instance, on average, it requires at least ten years for a new drug to finish the process from the early creation to the marketplace, with clinical studies itself lasting six to seven years on average. According to data from PhRMA in 2020, the average chance of clinical success (the possibility that a drug undergoing clinical trials will finally be accepted) is calculated to be less than 12%. Therefore, the stringent government regulations are projected to impede the growth of the contract development manufacturing organizations market over coming years. The introduction of custom solutions is a key trend gaining the popularity in the contract development manufacturing organizations market. Contract development manufacturing companies focused on the implementation of custom technologies to address the unique needs of individual research applications. For instance, in April 2019, Lonza Group AG, a Switzerland based chemicals and biotechnology company launched CellBio Services, a robust range of specific, tailored solutions built to address the particular requirements of individual research applications. With Lonza's CellBio Services, pharmaceutical and CMO researchers can benefit from a wide range of services such as cell isolation, transfection services, media processing, 3D cell-culture services, cell characterization, cell-line advancement and banking. In May 2019, Catalent, a US-based provider of advanced delivery technologies and development solutions for drugs, biologics and consumer health products acquired Paragon Bioservices, Inc. for $1.2 billion. Through this acquisition Paragon Bioservices, Inc brings its unique and differentiated scientific, development, and manufacturing capabilities to Catalent, which will fundamentally enhance Catalent’s biologics business and end-to-end integrated biopharmaceutical solutions for customers. Paragon Bioservices, Inc. is a US-based contract development and manufacturing organization (CDMO) whose focus is the development and manufacturing of cutting-edge biopharmaceuticals. North America was the largest region in contract development manufacturing organizations market in 2020. The regions covered in the global apparel market are Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, South America, Middle East, Africa. The countries covered in the global contract development manufacturing organizations market are Australia, Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, Russia, South Korea, UK, USA. The major players covered in the global contract development manufacturing organizations market are Recipharm AB., Patheon Inc., Boehringer Ingelheim International, Catalent Inc., Lonza Group Ltd., Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Aenova Holding, Almac Group, Vetter, Covance Inc., Pfizer CentreSource, Jubilant Life Sciences Ltd., Abbvie Contract Manufacturing, The Lubrizol Corp., Famar SA, Baxter, Evotec AG, CMIC Holdings Co. Ltd. The global contract development manufacturing organizations market is segmented - 1) By Service: CMO, CRO 2) By Product: Small Molecules, Biologics 3) By End User: Big Pharma, Small and Mid-size Pharma, Generic Pharmaceutical Companies, Other End Users

The oral contraceptive pills market consists of sales of oral contraceptive pills by entities (organizations, sole traders, and partnerships) that are engaged in manufacturing oral contraceptive pills. An oral contraceptive pill is a pill used to discourage pregnancy. It comprises hormones that prevent the emergence of eggs from the ovaries. Most oral contraceptives involve estrogen and progestin. The oral contraceptive pills market by type into combination, progestin only, others; by category into generic, branded; by distribution channel into hospital pharmacy, retail pharmacy, clinics, online channel, public channel and NGO, others. The global contraceptive pills market is expected to grow from $16.51 billion in 2020 to $18.36 billion in 2021 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 11.19%. The growth is mainly due to the companies resuming their operations and adapting to the new normal while recovering from the COVID-19 impact, which had earlier led to restrictive containment measures involving social distancing, remote working, and the closure of commercial activities that resulted in operational challenges. The market is expected to reach $95.04 billion in 2025 at a CAGR of 7.63%. The high incidence of unintended pregnancies is expected to drive the growth of the oral contraceptive pills market over the coming years. Unintended pregnancy is a pregnancy that is always unwanted, such as a pregnancy where no children have been planned. The University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) study shows that the rates of unwanted pregnancy and abortion declined substantially when women received a one-year prescription of oral contraceptives. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 74 million women living in low middle-income economies register unplanned pregnancies every year globally. The WHO’s research noticed 4,794 women had an unplanned pregnancy after they had discontinued using contraceptives. Therefore, the need to avoid unintended pregnancies drives the growth of the oral contraceptive pills market. The side effects associated with the use of contraceptive drugs are expected to hinder the growth of the oral contraceptive pills market over the forecast period. An oral contraceptive pill is a hormonal procedure to avoid childbirth. The side effects vary between people and the type of pill consumed. Breast tenderness, headaches, spotting, and nausea are some prominent side effects of oral contraceptive pills. Depo-Provera, an implantable contraceptive, is known to provide the most severe side effects. Research has indicated that Depo-Provera and Depo-SubQ Provera 104 can trigger bone mineral density loss. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) attached strict notices to the injection kit saying Depo-Provera and Depo-SubQ Provera 104 could not be used for more than 2 years, attributing to their side effects. The notice also suggests that the use of these medications may increase the risk of osteoporosis and bone disorders later in life. Hence, the side effects associated with the use of contraceptive drugs hamper the growth of the oral contraceptive pill market. Major institutes and companies operating in the oral contraceptive pills sector are focusing on developing innovative solutions for oral contraceptive pills. For instance, in December 2019, a group of scientists from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) has created a birth control pill that should only be consumed once a month. The star-shaped capsule may significantly minimize accidental pregnancies caused by users who fail to take their regular dose of the pill. The capsule is filled with gelatin which may stay in the abdomen for weeks after swallowing, from where hormones are slowly released to stop childbirth. In January 2020, Theramex, a specialty pharmaceutical company for women announced the acquisition of rights to Zoely®, a patented oral contraceptive from Merck &Co for an undisclosed amount. This acquisition aids Theramex in global expansion and adding innovative treatment options for women to its portfolio. Merck & Co. is a US-based multinational pharmaceutical company that has oral contraceptives in its product portfolio. The major players covered in the global oral contraceptive pills market are Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd, Bayer AG, Syzygy Healthcare, Mankind Pharma Ltd., Pfizer Inc., Piramal Enterprises Ltd., Ferring B.V, Merck & Co. Inc., Johnson & Johnson, Lupin Pharmaceuticals Inc, V Care Pharma, HLL Life Care, Sopharma AD, Sanofi S.A., Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC, Abbvie Inc. (Allergan PLC), Aurobindo Pharma Limited. The countries covered in the global oral contraceptive pills market are Australia, Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, Russia, South Korea, UK, USA. The regions covered in the global oral contraceptive pills market are Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, South America, Middle East, Africa. The global oral contraceptive pills market is segmented - 1) By Type: Combination, Progestin Only, Others 2) By Category: Generic, Branded 3) By Distribution Channel: Hospital Pharmacy, Retail Pharmacy, Clinics, Online Channel, Public Channel And NGO, Others

Antisense & RNAi Therapeutics Market Definition

The antisense and RNAi therapeutics market consists of sales of antisense and RNAi therapeutics by entities (organizations, sole traders, and partnerships) that develop and manufacture antisense and RNAi therapeutics to treat various diseases. RNA interference (RNAi)-based and RNA-based antisense oligonucleotide therapies are advanced methods used for the treatment of various diseases including cancer, infectious diseases, cardiovascular diseases, genetic disorders, respiratory disorders, and neurological disorders. Two major methods are employed in RNA therapeutics: double stranded RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) and antisense oligonucleotides (ASO). Both these methods differ in composition and modes of action. These antisense oligonucleotides and siRNAs mainly target the ribonucleic acid (RNA), whereas small molecules and biologic drugs primarily target proteins due to their chemical properties and distinct molecular mechanism of action.

G-CSF (Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factors) Market Definition

The G-CSF (Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factors) market consists of sales of G-CSF drugs and related services. G-CSF, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor, based drugs stimulates the bone marrow to produce granulocytes and stem cells and release them into the bloodstream. G-CSF also stimulates the survival, proliferation, differentiation, and function of neutrophil precursors and mature neutrophils through signal transduction pathways.

The Platform as a Service (PaaS) market consists of sales from cloud-based platform services. PaaS is a cloud computing model that provides a platform to the customers to develop, run and manage applications over the internet. Revenue in the market is generated by the companies by way of subscriptions and licenses from web/software developers or other business households. There are four different types of PaaS which can be classified as computing platforms, web applications, business application and social applications. The global revenue of this industry is the cumulative revenue of all the companies engaged in providing any of the above services. Some of the Paas providers are Salesforce, Heroku, Amazon Web Service (AWS), Elastic Beanstalk and Microsoft Azure etc. The global platform as a service (PaaS) market is expected to grow from $47.29 billion in 2020 to $54.09 billion in 2021 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 14.4%. The growth is mainly due to the companies rearranging their operations and recovering from the COVID-19 impact, which had earlier led to restrictive containment measures involving social distancing, remote working, and the closure of commercial activities that resulted in operational challenges. The market is expected to reach $88.11 billion in 2025 at a CAGR of 13%. Many companies are outsourcing application and webhosting to third party managed hosting services companies to reduce the IT infrastructure costs. Procurement of servers, storage devices and other software applications and hire professionals to develop and maintain websites and host applications are much more expensive for businesses than outsourcing these functions to third party managed services companies. PaaS being an online platform face risks and security threats that might act as a restraint to the market. Companies in the industry consider security perspectives like privacy, access control and service continuity, to protect both the service provider and the user. According to cyber security statistics by PurpleSec, ransomware attacks are estimated to cost $6 trillion annually by 2021. PaaS services are often subject to certain vulnerabilities such as lax default application configuration and holes in secure socket layers (SSL) protocols. For instance, some of the common risk issues experienced in Microsoft Azure are misplaced or lost Linux updates, lost third party patches and unavailability of Microsoft updates. Companies in the industry are increasingly preferring hybrid cloud solutions to increase efficiency, innovation, and reduce costs. Hybrid Cloud refers to a cloud infrastructure environment that is a mixture of private cloud, on-premises computing and public cloud solutions. Platform as a service providing companies in the industry are leveraging this technology to enhance their agility, capability, increase development & deployment speed, and reduce IT costs. For instance, Amazon Web Service, a cloud computing platform, has developed a set of hybrid capabilities in the industry to capitalize on the global market. Some of the major hybrid cloud providers are Amazon, Microsoft, and VMWare, followed by other technology companies IBM, Apple, Google, Cisco, Hewlett-Packard, Dell, Oracle, and Rackspace. In May 25, 2018, European Union has implemented a regulation called GDPR to impact platform as a service market with principles on data protection, data minimization, data retention, and confidentiality. This regulation emphasizing on securing and safeguarding the consumer data, allows only minimum amount of personal data and restricts the access to extract complete data. It ensures that the companies in the industry should follow strict rules in how they collect, protect and share the personal data of the customers, particularly in the European Union. The rules on the areas of storage limitation, data minimization might affect the PaaS market in taking significant measures on the analysis and accuracy. On October 1, 2018, Siemens, a German technology Company, acquired Mendix for $600 million. Mendix was a low-code application development platform headquartered in Boston, United States. Under the terms of agreement, Mendix continued operating as usual under its own name but Siemens also utilized Mendix's technology to accelerate its own cloud. With the help of this acquisition, Siemens entered the low-code application development market to increase its market size and build a strong position in the rapidly growing market in order to survive intense competition. Major players in the market are Amazon web service, Salesforce Platform, IBM Cloud Foundry, Microsoft Azure and Google Cloud Function. The countries covered in the global platform as a service (PaaS) market are Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, South Korea, Russia, UK, USA, Australia. The regions covered in the global platform as a service (PaaS) market are Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, South America, Middle East, Africa. The global platform as a service (PaaS) market is segmented - 1) By Type: Application Infrastructure and Middleware (AIM), Database Management Systems (DBMS), Business intelligence platform (BIP), Application development on Cloud 2) By Deployment: Public Cloud, Private Cloud, Hybrid Cloud 3) By End User: Financial Institutions and Services (BFSI), Technology, Retail, Distribution, Education Services, Travel and Transport, Healthcare and Life Sciences, Others

The dermatitis drugs market consists of sales of dermatitis drugs such as corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, PDE4 inhibitors which are used to cure inflammation of the outer layer of the body, characterized by itchy rashes on swollen and reddened skin. Some of the major dermatitis drugs include Triamcinolone, Clobetasol, Betamethasone, Hydrocortisone, Fluocinonide and Clobex. The global dermatitis market is expected to grow from $4.82 billion in 2020 to $4.9 billion in 2021 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 1.7%. The growth is mainly due to the companies rearranging their operations and recovering from the COVID-19 impact, which had earlier led to restrictive containment measures involving social distancing, remote working, and the closure of commercial activities that resulted in operational challenges. The market is expected to reach $5.91 billion in 2025 at a CAGR of 4.8%. Growth in atopic dermatitis market is primarily driven by the increasing global prevalence of the disease. Prevalence of dermatitis in children is estimated to be around 15-20% while it is 1-3% in adults. The rising cases of food allergies are adding to the prevalence of dermatitis which ultimately leads to the increase in demand for the medicines to cure this disease. For example, according to the allergy asthma network 2020, approximately 31.6 million people in the United States have some form of atopic dermatitis. The prevalence of atopic dermatitis globally in children have 15-20 percent and in adults have 1 to 3 percent.. The strict government regulations are one of the restraints for the dermatitis drug market. Atopic Dermatitis (eczema) usually occurs at a very early stage (0-5 years). In order to find the efficacy and efficiency of drug, it has to be tried on the every type of patients. The effects of certain drugs in adults are quite different than in children, as a reason results of the clinical trial cannot be used for the production of drug that will be served to the children. This hinders the research and requires more efforts in clearing regulation set by FDA. For example, as the patient population is largely children, FDA in its CFR Code Title 21, Part 50 Protection of Human Subjects, and subpart D has laid down guidelines for the additional safeguard for children in clinical investigation. The regulation is in compliance with Children’s Health Act of 2000 that requires all the children subjected to clinical trial be given additional protection. The dermatitis market has witnessed a trend of increasing Mergers and Acquisitions (M&As), done with the purpose of business expansion and increasing visibility. M&As are playing a significant role in today's world and are assumed to expand this market in the years to come. The vendors in this industry are focusing on collaboration and partnerships to expand their portfolio and improve market presence. Companies are also strategically making M&As with a view to reduce competition and increase the scalability of their business. For example, Stiefel Laboratories has been able to successfully widen its global reach after it was acquired by Glaxo Smith Kline. Also Biofrontera, Inc., a specialist in dermatology market acquired Cutanea Life Sciences, Inc.in 2019 for $7.3 million to increase their capital base and scale the business. The dermatitis drugs market is governed by several regulatory bodies that require the drug manufacturers to get approvals from the concerned authorities before launching their medicines into the market. Two such major regulatory bodies are PMDA (Japan) and CDSCO (India) that carry out quality checks before declaring the drugs suitable for consumption. PMDA reviews the products with an aim to ensure safety, quality and efficacy of pharmaceuticals and then approves the products that are suitable in every parameter. Similarly CDSCO is the central drug authority that is responsible for the approval of new drugs in India. These tedious approval processes makes the drugs more effective and safe, thereby having a positive impact on the dermatitis drugs market. Major players in the dermatitis market are LEO Pharma A/S, Novartis AG, Pfizer Inc., Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc. and Sanofi S.A. The countries covered in the global dermatitis market are Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, South Korea, Russia, UK, USA, Australia. The regions covered in the global dermatitis market are Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, South America, Middle East, Africa. The global dermatitis market is segmented - 1) By Drug Class: Corticosteroids, Emollients/Moisturizers, Antihistamines, Calcineurin Inhibitors, Antibiotics, Immunomodulators, Interleukin Inhibitors 2) By Distribution Channel: Hospital, Retail Pharmacies, Drug Stores, Online Or Mail Pharmacies 3) By Route Of Application: Topical, Oral, Injectable 4) By Application: Cancer, Blood Disorders, Chronic Diseases, Infectious Diseases

The antacids market consists of sales of antacids which are used to neutralize stomach acid, and treat acid reflux, heartburn and indigestion. It includes drug class such as proton pump inhibitors, H2 antagonist, surgical simulators and acid neutralizers in the form of either tablet, liquid or powder. Examples of antacids include Alka Seltzer, Maalox, Mylanta, Rolaids, Tums and Pepto-Bismol. The global antacids market is expected to grow from $2.91 billion in 2020 to $3.33 billion in 2021 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 14.4%. The growth is mainly due to the companies rearranging their operations and recovering from the COVID-19 impact, which had earlier led to restrictive containment measures involving social distancing, remote working, and the closure of commercial activities that resulted in operational challenges. The market is expected to reach $3.97 billion in 2025 at a CAGR of 4.5%. Poor lifestyle choices resulting in higher prevalence of acidity is an important driver for the growth of the antacids market. Poor lifestyle choices involve deskbound jobs, poor quality of sleep and irregular dietary habits, which result in an increase in acidity level of the stomach and lead to gastroesophageal reflux disease. According to the American College of Gastroenterology, around 60 million Americans suffers from gastroesophageal reflux disease. This drives the demand for antacids. The side effects related to antacids is a major restraint for the antacids market. Some of the common side effects of antacids include dose-dependent rebound hyperacidity and milk-alkali syndrome. Antacids containing aluminum hydroxide may also cause side effects such as constipation, aluminum-intoxication, osteomalacia, and hypophosphatemia. In addition, antacids when consumed with other acidic drugs might lead to absorption of both the drugs resulting in reduced efficiency of both the drugs. Mouth-melting antacid is an emerging trend in the antacid market. Antacids were available in tablet, liquid and powder form until now, however, researchers have now come up with mouth-melting antacids which are made up of micro mouth melting granules that easily melt in the mouth. These granules present in the antacids act in the form of effervescent. An example of a mouth melting instant relief antacid is Sunpharma's 'Pepmelt', which integrates the effects of herbal constituents present in it with the contemporary mouth melting technology. The manufacturers of antacids in the USA need to comply with CFR - Code of Federal Regulations Title 21 laid down by the FDA. According to these regulations, an over-the-counter (OTC) antacid product in a form suitable for oral administration is recognized safe and effective only if it meets the conditions related to active ingredients established by the regulatory body. In March 2018, GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) acquired Novartis for $13 billion. This acquisition would help GSK's shareholder to seize the full worth of Novartis' consumer healthcare business. Also, it would help GSK expand its pharmaceutical portfolio. Novartis is a pharmaceutical firm manufacturing innovative drugs. It was founded in 1996 and is headquartered in Basel, Switzerland. Major players in the market are GlaxoSmithKline plc, Pfizer Inc., Bayer AG, Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd and AstraZeneca PLC. The countries covered in the global antacids market are Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, South Korea, Russia, UK, USA, Australia. The regions covered in the global antacids market are Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, South America, Middle East, Africa. The global antacids market is segmented - 1) Drug Class: Proton Pump Inhibitors, H2 Antagonist, Acid Neutralizers, Pro-Motility Agents 2) Distribution Channel: Hospital Pharmacies, Retail Pharmacies, Others 3) By Formulation Type: Tablet, Liquid, Powder, Others

The prosthetic heart valve devices and equipment market consists of sales of prosthetic heart valve devices and equipment. These devices that are implanted in the heart of patients who have valvular heart disease. The prosthetic heart valve helps in the reduction of discomfort due to a diseased valve in the heart and reduces the risk of mortality. Mechanical heart valves, transcatheter heart valves and tissue heart valves are a few examples of prosthetic heart valves. The global prosthetic heart valve devices and equipment market is expected to grow from $2.26 billion in 2020 to $2.36 billion in 2021 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4.4%. The growth is mainly due to the companies rearranging their operations and recovering from the COVID-19 impact, which had earlier led to restrictive containment measures involving social distancing, remote working, and the closure of commercial activities that resulted in operational challenges. The market is expected to reach $3.47 billion in 2025 at a CAGR of 10.1%. Rising prevalence of valvular heart disease has driven the need for transcathether aortic valve replacement (TAVR) procedures, thus driving the prosthetic heart valve devices and equipment market. TAVR is a minimally-invasive surgical procedure done to cure aortic sthenosis which is a valvular heart disease that affects the aortic valve of the heart. Aortic sthenosis affects the aortic valve by hardening it, thus not allowing blood to properly flow through it and TAVR is used to replace this defective aortic valve with a transcatheter valve. According to a report from The Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS)/American College of Cardiology (ACC) TVT Registry, volumes have grown every year. In 2019 TAVR passed all forms of surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) for the initial time. According to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of TAVR for low-risk patients, the annual size of TAVR has increased every year and in 2019, TAVR volume (72,991) passed all forms of SAVR (57,626). As the rate of occurrence of valvular heart diseases rise, the number of TAVR procedures done can be expected to increase which also increases the demand for transcatheter valves, thus driving the market going forward. Prosthetic heart valve devices have stringent procedures for approval which restrains the growth of the prosthetic heart valve devices and equipment market. According to the US food and drugs administration (FDA), randomized clinical trials are required for any medical device, in order to test for its safety standards. Randomized clinical trial is a clinical method of study that involves the separation of groups of patient subjects using random selection. This is done to compare different medicines and treatment methods in a fair manner with no room for bias and also to detect side-effects, if any. However, these random clinical trials take long periods of time. For example, Abbott Vascular Inc. filed an approval application for their mitraclip delivery system in 2010 and they received their approval for the same in 2019. Companies in this market are increasingly preferring polymer valves over traditional mechanical and bio-prosthetic valves/tissue valves. Polymer heart valves are prosthetic heart valves made of polymeric materials and have better functioning than tissue and mechanical heart valves. Mechanical heart valves come with a lifelong requirement of using blood-thinning medication to prevent blood clotting whereas bio-prosthetic heart valves comes with a short life span that needs several replacements and have a risk of valve degradation. Polymeric heart valves on the other hand supports better blood flow and reduces risk of blood clotting and therefore does not have the disadvantages of tissue and mechanical valves. Therefore, various companies are focusing on development of polymeric heart valve technologies, For instance, in October 2019, the California Institute of Technology and Foldax announced the development of the Tria heart valve that combines LifePolymer, an advanced biopolymer material, and a patented bio-inspired design to offer a heart valve able of serving for 15 years without calcification, risk of clotting, or damage to red blood cells. The prosthetic heart valve devices and equipment market is monitored by regulatory bodies such as FDA in the US and The Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO). For instance, CDSCO issued a notice regarding the classification of the risk levels of different medical devices. Under this classification, prosthetic heart valves are considered as class "D" or high risk devices. Similarly, in order for manufacturers to produce and sell prosthetic valve devices in India, they need to sign forms MD-7 and MD-8 which come under the direct purview of the central government of India. Form MD-7 is used to register prosthetic valve manufacturers in India and form MD-8 is used by prosthetic valve manufacturers to apply for loans. Major players in the market are Boston Scientific, Edward life sciences, Medtronic, Livanova and Abbott. The countries covered in the global prosthetic heart valve devices and equipment market are Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, South Korea, Russia, UK, USA, Australia. The regions covered in the global prosthetic heart valve devices and equipment market are Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, South America, Middle East, Africa. The global prosthetic heart valve devices and equipment market is segmented - 1) By Type: Transcatheter Heart Valve, Tissue Heart Valve,  Mechanical Heart Valve 2) By Application: Hospitals, Ambulatory Surgery Centres 3) By Product Type: Repair Products, Mitral Valve Repair Devices, Tricuspid Valve Repair Devices. 4) By Technology: Biological Valve, Decellularized Valve